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8/2/2019 Chapter 3 Form 2
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8/2/2019 Chapter 3 Form 2
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5. Habitat: The place where an organism
lives
Examples: soil, treetops, caves, seaside,moist bread, pond
6. Biodiversity: the variety of living
organisms. We can see diversity
everywhere- forests, seasides, coral and
deserts
7. In general, there is greater biodiversity as
you get closer to the equator. This is
because the climate is warmer and more
moist.
8. Different organisms have different
characteristics to help them adapt to their
environment. This is very important to their
survival.
Classifications of living organisms
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1.The sorting of living organisms into
groups based on their common living
characteristics is called classification
2. In the classification system used today,
organisms are classified into five main
groups called kingdoms which are:
- Animals
- Plants- Fungi
- Bacteria
- Simple organisms
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Classification of animals
Animals can be classified into two main groups
- Vertebrates
- Invertebrates
Vertebrates:- animals with backbones arecalled vertebrate
http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=plants&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=qh5B8cMrJb8MeM:&imgrefurl=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Top-15-NASA-039-s-Plants-That-Can-Save-Your-Life-78345.shtml&docid=1W3vdn3O9u6wOM&imgurl=http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/extra/SCIENCE/large/NASA%27sPlants_04large.png&w=640&h=480&ei=OEWCT9-pNcbOrQfF3fzcBQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=732&vpy=310&dur=1519&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=143&ty=118&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=120&tbnw=183&start=0&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:12,s:0,i:172http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=insects&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=sjSbObc2Jhq5IM:&imgrefurl=http://visual.merriam-webster.com/animal-kingdom/insects-arachnids/examples-insects_4.php&docid=NdhOCPBl0_ZZQM&imgurl=http://visual.merriam-webster.com/images/animal-kingdom/insects-arachnids/examples-insects_4.jpg&w=550&h=384&ei=GEWCT_aCNYaJrAeR8_X_BQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=394&vpy=178&dur=4642&hovh=188&hovw=269&tx=163&ty=113&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=118&tbnw=152&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:134http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=fish&hl=en&biw=1366&bih=620&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=yNKcCbpWtUhaxM:&imgrefurl=http://crazy-frankenstein.com/fish-wallpapers.html&docid=ShOpZzILUF-AIM&imgurl=http://crazy-frankenstein.com/free-wallpapers-files/animals-wallpapers/fish-wallpapers/life-below-the-red-sea-egypt-fish-wallpapers.jpg&w=1024&h=768&ei=2USCT-3RDo_KrAfQrdjMBQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=274&vpy=312&dur=2762&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=134&ty=132&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=117&tbnw=154&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:15,s:0,i:1648/2/2019 Chapter 3 Form 2
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Invertebrates: animals without backbones are
called invertebrates
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Invertebrate with jointed leg
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Millipede spider
Invertebrate without jointed leg
Worm like
Leeches round
worm
Not worm like
Snail starfish
http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=starfish&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=CsUikulZ0zYTOM:&imgrefurl=http://worldphotocollections.blogspot.com/2009/11/beautiful-star-fish-amazing-water-world.html&docid=imVGwafFvIPW4M&imgurl=http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_kxPG6y8Qctk/SwlWOwkzZCI/AAAAAAAAQPA/4jtbco_MZSM/s400/Star%2BFish%2BCollection%2B(36).jpg&w=350&h=350&ei=SiKWT9eXBIXTrQfH3Nz5DQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=1080&vpy=280&dur=1931&hovh=225&hovw=225&tx=79&ty=87&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=118&tbnw=134&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:20,s:0,i:172http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=snail&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=SoehXG6MqMYskM:&imgrefurl=http://animal-wildlife.blogspot.com/2011/08/snail.html&docid=_VeVRj1odj0iRM&imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IHXi56ESzxI/Tl0AC132xpI/AAAAAAAAAnU/F9vybax58pg/s1600/snail_2.jpg&w=600&h=416&ei=HyKWT_DaO87NrQeRttGADg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=303&vpy=181&dur=954&hovh=187&hovw=270&tx=136&ty=90&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=123&tbnw=166&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:132http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=round+worm&hl=en&biw=1366&bih=620&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=YWmSm5eCZskDuM:&imgrefurl=http://www.northviewpethospital.ca/news.html&docid=deQCj_JUKi6uEM&imgurl=http://www.northviewpethospital.ca/images/roundworm.jpg&w=492&h=500&ei=uiGWT-LyDMOGrAecxuTfDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=109&vpy=166&dur=1856&hovh=226&hovw=223&tx=163&ty=137&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=121&tbnw=125&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:68http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=leeches&hl=en&biw=1366&bih=620&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=nSJjijLoVIqZyM:&imgrefurl=http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/366700/enlarge&docid=U0NSw-GCcWSQZM&imgurl=http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/366700/large/Z2050004-Medicinal_leech-SPL.jpg&w=530&h=368&ei=XyGWT7niOIKyrAfcwajbDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=883&vpy=144&dur=1609&hovh=187&hovw=270&tx=134&ty=96&sig=100878038853979992453&page=3&tbnh=130&tbnw=173&start=47&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:12,s:47,i:264http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=spider&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=m3TwzHBMQ5FZZM:&imgrefurl=http://spiderindex.blogspot.com/&docid=Jj9tTgbFKktm_M&imgurl=http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ckBlasgNSzg/Sme4pa9U6EI/AAAAAAAANfw/9tpein68zRg/s400/Trapdoor%2BSpider.jpg&w=400&h=362&ei=8iKWT_y8DoPMrQfB-ZDkDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=756&vpy=168&dur=5245&hovh=214&hovw=236&tx=136&ty=134&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=123&tbnw=159&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:138http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=millipede&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=kNkePJ-AYqlyzM:&imgrefurl=http://www.richard-seaman.com/Wallpaper/Nature/Centipedes/index.html&docid=DlyQzp6qtzW2DM&imgurl=http://www.richard-seaman.com/Wallpaper/Nature/Millipedes/AmericanMillipede.jpg&w=1152&h=864&ei=vSKWT9m1FcnYrQeZ4qzPDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=1048&vpy=200&dur=1158&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=89&ty=96&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=121&tbnw=163&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0,i:798/2/2019 Chapter 3 Form 2
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mammal
a)Warm- blooded
b)Have a pair of external earsc) Body covered with fur or hair
d)Breathe through their lungs
e)Give birth to their young
f) The young feed on their mothers milk
g)Carry out internal fertilization
h)Examples : monkeys, bats, whales, rabbits
http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=monkey&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=BmzxuMRaKg0YgM:&imgrefurl=http://animal-wildlife.blogspot.com/2011/12/monkey.html&docid=HZSAB-PFx0y4GM&imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Dt4zQZIq_U4/TvfeRMwptnI/AAAAAAAAEOg/hp_0XRDmQCY/s1600/monkey_5.jpg&w=1280&h=1024&ei=hSWWT4_vOc7LrQeUzvz0DQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=270&vpy=304&dur=1830&hovh=201&hovw=251&tx=143&ty=140&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=121&tbnw=134&start=0&ndsp=23&ved=1t:429,r:16,s:0,i:164http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=rabbit&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=pbgUILFNAWMAtM:&imgrefurl=http://www.hoax-slayer.com/giant-rabbit.shtml&docid=i_lPc5F5KLR8RM&imgurl=http://www.hoax-slayer.com/images/giant-rabbit2.jpg&w=400&h=306&ei=GiWWT-a4O8rsrAe0t-jMDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=253&vpy=175&dur=2460&hovh=196&hovw=257&tx=157&ty=121&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=120&tbnw=153&start=0&ndsp=23&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:145http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=bats&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=--0DXaglGF5JyM:&imgrefurl=http://www.feardoesnotexistinthisdojo.com/bats/&docid=6qk2UHmQz0lrIM&imgurl=http://www.feardoesnotexistinthisdojo.com/storage/vampire-bat.jpg%3F__SQUARESPACE_CACHEVERSION%3D1244811569518&w=442&h=446&ei=0CSWT_HfGM7NrQeRttGADg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=473&vpy=279&dur=2622&hovh=226&hovw=223&tx=157&ty=155&sig=100878038853979992453&page=2&tbnh=132&tbnw=129&start=21&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:21,i:184http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=whales&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=As3JBHEFjEM3jM:&imgrefurl=http://life-sea.blogspot.com/2011/10/pilot-whale.html&docid=XLVPe6uSXKvl9M&imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WSisjHnrGrE/TpVLq4_5GBI/AAAAAAAABDg/8KggfQf94gY/s1600/pilot%2Bwhale%2B1.jpg&w=539&h=340&ei=piSWT6ahA4-IrAe5yvXIDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=836&vpy=328&dur=1250&hovh=178&hovw=283&tx=172&ty=141&sig=100878038853979992453&page=2&tbnh=136&tbnw=181&start=21&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:21,i:2148/2/2019 Chapter 3 Form 2
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Birda)Warm- blooded
b) Body covered with feather
c)Feed by using a beak
d) Have a pair of legs and wings
e)Lay eggs in the nest
f) Most birds live on land
g) Carry out internal fertilization
h) Examples: swans, eagles, crows, owls
http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=eagles&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=wEtQMqlWXnFmXM:&imgrefurl=http://www.firstpeople.us/pictures/eagles/1024x768/Bald-Eagle-Fearsome-Flight-1024x768.html&docid=_IvvU5U_RcrCLM&imgurl=http://www.firstpeople.us/pictures/eagles/1024x768/Bald_Eagle-Fearsome_Flight-1024x768.jpg&w=1024&h=768&ei=SyeWT97VH4PTrQfSiMSCDg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=274&vpy=328&dur=1603&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=160&ty=136&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=119&tbnw=152&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:15,s:0,i:175http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=swan&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=OS1B3ttP_m5c0M:&imgrefurl=http://www.wildanimalsonline.com/birds/muteswan.php&docid=d1iHTB3FyGEksM&imgurl=http://www.wildanimalsonline.com/birds/muteswan-cygnusolor.jpg&w=640&h=480&ei=3yaWT4GtLILZrQefkvjuDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=729&vpy=175&dur=1601&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=94&ty=76&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=117&tbnw=156&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:1388/2/2019 Chapter 3 Form 2
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http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=platypus&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=hsC_KIBpOFOA0M:&imgrefurl=http://www.platypuscomputing.com/platwhat.html&docid=yGCUlN97n3Ud-M&imgurl=http://www.platypuscomputing.com/images/platygeo.jpg&w=463&h=354&ei=yyeWT43eMoHNrQePkMHTDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=710&vpy=175&dur=1712&hovh=196&hovw=257&tx=173&ty=119&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=120&tbnw=156&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:125http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=beak&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=kVuOfCoMHFgocM:&imgrefurl=http://fineartamerica.com/featured/eagle-beak-power-debra---vatalaro.html&docid=aVqbTsiXo0iYyM&imgurl=http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium/eagle-beak-power-debra---vatalaro.jpg&w=600&h=582&ei=iyeWT6WBPIvIrQe7t43lDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=1082&vpy=192&dur=4007&hovh=221&hovw=228&tx=88&ty=103&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=120&tbnw=126&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:20,s:0,i:172http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=feather&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=twDWcqoIcs-4tM:&imgrefurl=http://hannahcurson.blogspot.com/2011_05_01_archive.html&docid=RucL06dB1-Y8kM&imgurl=http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bl1L-uxSeHQ/TeT-zSDKwuI/AAAAAAAAA1I/1iBoXbMFeV8/s640/feather.gif&w=368&h=321&ei=byeWT-eML4ztrQel2dHiDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=241&vpy=295&dur=1658&hovh=210&hovw=240&tx=131&ty=104&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=121&tbnw=139&start=0&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:17,s:0,i:1798/2/2019 Chapter 3 Form 2
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g) Examples: salmon, sharks, sea horses
Amphibian
a) Cold blooded
b) Live both on land and in water
c) Breathe through their skin and lungs
d) Have moist skin
http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=fish+fin&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=nE7-3SLd6AGpTM:&imgrefurl=http://www.earthlife.net/fish/fins.html&docid=vFtdZQVWAGblDM&imgurl=http://www.earthlife.net/fish/images/anatomy/abramis.gif&w=600&h=330&ei=kSqWT9mFN8q4rAfwuaSBDg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=398&vpy=190&dur=2271&hovh=166&hovw=303&tx=135&ty=79&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=85&tbnw=154&start=0&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:95http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=fish+scales&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=eePgaIU8GksH_M:&imgrefurl=http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/content/interviews/interview/850/&docid=PmrMVk8Wu2MHSM&imgurl=http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/uploads/RTEmagicC_Fish_scales_Small.jpg.jpg&w=300&h=265&ei=CiqWT_yNNcamrAe7xvjoDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=304&vpy=64&dur=2199&hovh=211&hovw=239&tx=118&ty=86&sig=100878038853979992453&page=2&tbnh=129&tbnw=151&start=21&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:21,i:182http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=sea+horse&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=sjN90Qi6zPoKoM:&imgrefurl=http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/sea-horse/&docid=2hSniT51ag4o5M&imgurl=http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/007/cache/seahorse_704_600x450.jpg&w=600&h=450&ei=1CmWT8nZLMLTrQfU7YXoDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=214&vpy=176&dur=1515&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=115&ty=120&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=119&tbnw=164&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:93http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=shark&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=b-cXc6hqffasCM:&imgrefurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Great_white_shark&docid=fIZmO_U9fuSQZM&imgurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/images/ic/credit/640x395/g/gr/great_white_shark/great_white_shark_1.jpg&w=640&h=395&ei=sCmWT9HQPILPrQfntbWBDg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=405&vpy=346&dur=1329&hovh=176&hovw=286&tx=202&ty=115&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=120&tbnw=171&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:16,s:0,i:1778/2/2019 Chapter 3 Form 2
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e) Lay eggs in water
f) Carry out external fertilization
g) Examples: frogs, toads, salamanders
Reptile
http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=salamander&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=d-yStdmSxZL4WM:&imgrefurl=http://www.animalspot.net/tiger-salamander.html&docid=R9mB8hhM4zU8UM&imgurl=http://www.animalspot.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Tiger-Salamander-Photos.jpg&w=380&h=284&ei=9CuWT9nYPMnhrAfM_LHsDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=452&vpy=307&dur=3166&hovh=194&hovw=260&tx=139&ty=101&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=120&tbnw=160&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:0,i:149http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=frogs&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=ohZBve70obqt5M:&imgrefurl=http://museum.gov.ns.ca/mnh/nature/frogs/green.htm&docid=XbOtrwhSn5Zm2M&imgurl=http://museum.gov.ns.ca/mnh/nature/frogs/thumbs/images/greenf.jpg&w=500&h=360&ei=IyuWT9KvN4HprQeEl_3gDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=310&vpy=316&dur=2122&hovh=190&hovw=265&tx=128&ty=56&sig=100878038853979992453&page=2&tbnh=133&tbnw=178&start=21&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:19,s:21,i:2218/2/2019 Chapter 3 Form 2
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a) Cold blooded
b) Have dry scaly skin
c) Breathe through their lungs
d) Live on land
e) Normally lay eggs on land
f)Have two pairs of limbs
g) Carry out internal fertilization
h) Examples: crocodiles, tortoises,
lizards
http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=crocodile&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=de1xDZHYV1DDaM:&imgrefurl=http://www.coolfacts.in/some-amazing-facts-about-crocodiles/&docid=DsbCZkTjMtm7mM&imgurl=http://coolfacts.in/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/crocodile.jpg&w=640&h=415&ei=Fy2WT52iKMXVrQeN87nYDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=429&vpy=181&dur=847&hovh=181&hovw=279&tx=140&ty=100&sig=100878038853979992453&page=1&tbnh=117&tbnw=154&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:1348/2/2019 Chapter 3 Form 2
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plants
Flowering plants
Non-
flowering
plants
Dicotyled
onsmonocot
yledonalgae mosses ferns conifers
http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=lizard&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=5RihyYEjBqXCVM:&imgrefurl=http://desertlizardss.com/frill-neck-lizard/&docid=ma7nRyT9Xr0FqM&imgurl=http://desertlizardss.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Frill-Neck-Lizard.jpg&w=476&h=310&ei=iS6WT9S1K8jhrAeJgfnVDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=683&vpy=290&dur=917&hovh=181&hovw=278&tx=201&ty=108&sig=100878038853979992453&page=2&tbnh=120&tbnw=185&start=21&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:15,s:21,i:225http://www.google.com.my/imgres?q=snake&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=620&tbm=isch&tbnid=vZb_WTzfpdTaxM:&imgrefurl=http://anaconda-snake-wallpapers.blogspot.com/2010/12/different-family-type-of-snake.html&docid=z-ioh5kTi_10gM&imgurl=http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_fnUPMaWgW1c/TQ3UosVw9uI/AAAAAAAAABg/nwQqcyofSxk/s1600/small%2Bsnake%2Bon%2Bthe%2Bwood%2Bwallpapers.jpg&w=1024&h=768&ei=oy2WT7r6O8PqrAeo0ajtDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=120&vpy=76&dur=155&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=152&ty=108&sig=100878038853979992453&page=2&tbnh=136&tbnw=182&start=21&ndsp=24&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:21,i:1938/2/2019 Chapter 3 Form 2
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Monocotyledons
-They produce seeds with one cotyledon or
seed leaf.
- their leaves have parallel veins
-they have fibrous roots
Their stems lack woody tissues. Most of them
are herbaceous plants.
Examples: maize, sugar cane, banana, paddy ,
lily, coconut and orchid plants
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DicotyledonsThey produce seeds with two cotyledons
Their leaves have a network of veins
They have tap roots, that is a main root with a
lot of smaller branching roots
The stems are usually hard and woody
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Non-flowering plants
Algae
Unicellular or multicellular organisms
Do not have true stems, leaves and roots
Live in water and moist placesFor examples: spirogyra, hydra
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Mosses- Simple plants with stems and small leaves
but no
roots
- Live on land in moist and shady places
- Green in colour
- Reproduce through spores growing in
capsules at the
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Conifers
- Have true roots, stems and needle-like
leaves
- Do not produce flowers but cones
- Reproduce through seeds in the cones
- For examples: pine tree
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