Chapter 3

England in America

Section 1

The 13 English Colonies (1607-1733)

England defeats the Spanish Armada (Navy) clearing the oceans for exploring and settlement (1588)Why did they come to the North American colonies?

1. Pursuit of wealth

2. Wanted land

3. Religious freedom

Jamestown

•1st permanent English Colony

•Roanoke Island - colony

•Merchants provided the financial backing for colonies (Not the King)

•They set up joint stock companies

•The King then issued a charter (document that gave colonists the right to settle and trade a particular area).

Jamestown 1607• 144 men, 40 died on the voyage over.

• Bad water, lots of mosquitoes (malaria, typhoid).

• Men had no wilderness experience

• Only 38 alive after 1 year.

Jamestown, Virginia, was the site of the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. The settlers chose a location close to the water, hoping to establish a thriving community.   

Jamestown survives• John Smith

• Native Americans (Pocahontas)

• 500 new settlers (some women) arrive from England.

• Smith is injured and returns to England

• Bad winter, food runs low (called “starving time”) only 60 survive.

• Even with this painful beginning, more settlers soon arrive.

Jamestown grows• Tobacco Plantations

• Indentured servants/slaves help plantations grow

• Native American relations start out good, but as time passes they are strained.

• (1622) Native Americans attack and kill 350 people. A battle ensues and colonists gain control.

Beginning of self government

•House of Burgesses – elected representative body in America

AMERICA: STORY OF US (JAMESTOWN)

Chapter 3

Section 2

Plymouth ColonyFounded by religious separatists from England (Pilgrims).

• Church of England (Anglican)- attempted to return to a more Catholic church.

Two groups of people emerged:

1. Separatists- left church and went elsewhere. First to Netherlands and later to America.

2. Puritans- stayed in the church and attempted to reform it from within.

(1620) Mayflower sets sail from Plymouth, England to go to Virginia. (102 people)

• Mayflower Compact - document setting up government and agreeing to obey laws

• Cape Cod, MA. - name it Plymouth

• Struggle to survive, but receive help from the Native Americans (First Thanksgiving)

AMERICA: THE STORY OF US (PILGRIMS)

New England Colonies

Massachusetts Rhode Island

ConnecticutNew Hampshire

Commonwealth w/general court

Puritans, bible only accepted way

Started in 1630 1000 in first settlement Boston

Great migration 16,000 in 10 yrs.

Established by Roger Williams

Religiously tolerant

Better farming than Mass.

Bought land from N. Americans

Puritans who felt crowded in Boston

Founded by Thomas Hooker (Hartford)

Fundamental Orders of Gov’t- first constitution

Clashes with N. American (Pequot Wars)

Offshoot of Mass. Because of crowding

More clashes with N. Americans- (King Philip’s War)

Chapter 3

Middle Colonies

Section 3

Middle colonies - Dutch, but the English wanted to connect their northern colonies with Maryland and Virginia.

•New Amsterdam - Manhattan Island.

•English took over New York

Middle Colonies

New YorkNew Jersey

Pennsylvania

Delaware

Religious freedom

Seized by English in 1664

1st settled by Dutch who bought Manhattan for $24

James, Duke of York first owner

Offshoot of N.Y.

Religious freedom

Started by Lord Berkeley and Sir George Cataret

Middle colonies were King controlled. He put the leaders into place.

Founded by William Penn, King owed him money

Quakers (all people equal) different religion and beliefs

All were welcomed

Started so that Penn. could have seaports

Later is allowed to govern itself

Southern Colonies

Virginia

Maryland

CarolinasGeorgia

Jamestown

Bacon’s rebellion settlers would expand

Refuge for Catholics

Founded by Lord Baltimore

Toleration Act- guaranteed all the right to worship

Gave away land based on # of settlers in the group

Started by wealthy nobles, only nobles were welcomed

Large slave holding area

Capital is Charleston, but later splits into two colonies

Crops rice and indigo

Started by James Oglethorpe

Buffer between England and Spain Set up to help poor

and debtors, but grew slowly because of strict rules

As English Colonies began, France and Spain were also in the New World.

France• Founded Quebec in 1608 (Samuel de Champlain)

• Claim most of present day Canada (Acadia)

• Maintain peaceful relations with the Native Americans.

• Explored Great Lakes and Mississippi River (Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette)

• Claimed Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico and all adjacent lands.(La Salle)

New France – name of French empire in North America

It included Canada and Parts of United States.

• Grows as fur trading increases

• Fox, otter and beaver – highly prized in Europe

• Set up trading posts and continued to expand inward

• Detroit, St. Louis, New Orleans all part of New France

Spain• Mexico, South and Central America, Caribbean, Florida, Texas, and Southwest

• Spanish sent missionaries to continue to expand empire so as to not lose any to other countries. Rivalries

between European nations carried over into the Americas. France and Britain fought many wars in early 1700’s and there was constant conflict