Chapter 3: Earthquakes Visit the Online Learning Centre at Chapter 3: Earthquakes What

Chapter 3: Earthquakes

Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer


What Causes Earthquakes?What Causes Earthquakes?Why Do Earthquakes Cause So Much Damage?Why Do Earthquakes Cause So Much Damage?How Do We Know Where Earthquakes Occur?How Do We Know Where Earthquakes Occur?What Kinds of Damage Can Earthquakes Cause?What Kinds of Damage Can Earthquakes Cause?

How Do We Know Which Way Rocks Move in Earthquakes?How Do We Know Which Way Rocks Move in Earthquakes?What is the Relationship Between EarthquakesWhat is the Relationship Between Earthquakes

Where Do Earthquakes Occur on a Global Scale?Where Do Earthquakes Occur on a Global Scale?

Can We Predict When Earthquakes Will Occur?Can We Predict When Earthquakes Will Occur?and Plate Tectonics?and Plate Tectonics?



Elastic Rebound Theory of theCause of Earthquakes

Figure 3.2



Focus and Epicentre of an Earthquake

Figure 3.4



Particle Motion in Seismic Waves

Figure 3.5



Simple Seismograph for DetectingVertical Rock Motion

Figure 3.6



Seismograph for Horizontal Motion

Figure 3.7



Intervals between P Waves,S Waves, and Surface Waves

Figure 3.8



Travel-Time Curves Used to DetermineDistance to an Earthquake

Figure 3.9



Locating an Earthquake

Figure 3.10



Zones of Different Intensity from the1886 Charleston, SC, Earthquake

Figure 3.11



Comparison of Earthquake Magnitude,Description, Intensity, and Expected

Annual World Occurrence

Table 3.2



Relationship between Magnitude, Number, and Energy of Earthquakes

Figure 3.12



Locations of Earthquakes 1977-1987

Figure 3.13



Map of Seismic Hazardin North America

Figure 3.14



Tsunamis

Figure 3.19



Tsunami Travel Times

Figure 3.21



World Distribution of Earthquakes

Figure 3.22Figure 3.22b



Benioff Zone of Earthquakes

Figure 3.22



Seismograms of First HorizontalMotion of Rocks Along a Fault

Figure 3.24



Two Possible Solutions to SamePattern of First Motion

Figure 3.25



Divergent Plate Boundaries

Figure 3.26



Transform Boundaries

Figure 3.27



Convergent Boundaries

Figure 3.28



Earthquakes Caused by(A) Compression, and (B) Tension

Figure 3.29



Distribution of Earthquakeswith Depth

Figure 3.30



Descending PlateTearing into Segments

Figure 3.31



Seismically Active Zonesof Eastern North America

Figure 3.32



Earthquakes are Predictable from1-4 as Plate A Slides Diagonally

Under Plate B

Figure 3.33



Plate Tectonics Regime ofthe Pacific Northwest

Box 3.3 – Figure 1



Origin of Main Coastal Features asEvidence for Prehistoric Earthquakes




Two Major Breaks onthe San Andreas Fault




Answers to SelectedTesting Your Knowledge

Questions

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C

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A

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B

D

A

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A

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B



Additional Resources

Student ResourcesStudent ResourcesStudent Online Learning CentreThe robust Student Edition of the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer features quizzes for study and review, interactive exercises and animation, as well as additional boxed readings, searchable glossary, “Virtual Vista” environments, suggestions for further reading, and much more!

Laboratory ManualThe Lab Manual to accompany Physical Geology and the Environment has been created as a resource for laboratory sessions in physical geology, mirroring the "Inquiry-Based Approach" of the text. Structured on exercises and corresponding background concepts, the lab manual contains student-friendly worksheets, and has been perforated for easy lab use.

Instructor ResourcesInstructor ResourcesInstructor Online Learning CentreThe OLC at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer includes a password-protected Web site for Instructors. The site offers downloadable supplements and access to PageOut, the McGraw-Hill Ryerson Web site development centre.

Instructor’s Manual – The IM contains a chapter overview, list of changes per chapter, chapter learning objectives, further information on boxed features, short and long discussion/essay questions, and details on additional readings and resources outside the textbook.

Test Bank – Contains a bank of 40-60 multiple-choice and true/false questions per chapter.

Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation – This presentation system offers visual presentations that may be edited and manipulated to fit a particular course format. They also contain selected solutions to the problem material.

TransparenciesA set of more than 200 transparencies tied to the text content are available for instructors.

Documents

Chapter 3: Earthquakes Visit the Online Learning Centre at Chapter 3: Earthquakes What