Chapter 3 Cells

Section 1 Cell Structurep. 70 - 77

A. Common cell structures

All cells, regardless of the type have these two things:

An outer covering called a cell membraneInternal gelatin-like cytoplasm

1. Comparing cells

Size and shape relate to function

TURN AND TALK

Turn to your partner to discuss the diffferent types of cells found throughout the human body.

2. There are two cell types

Prokaryotic cells- Lack membrane bound

internal structures

One celled organisms like bacteria

Eukaryotic cells - Have membrane

bound internal structures called organellesAll advanced cells like protists, fungi, plants and animals

B Cell Organization

1. Cell Wall – Composed of cellulose, grows, changes shape, and protects the cells of plants, algae, and most bacteria; animal cells do not have a cell wall!

TURN AND TALK

Why do plants have a cell wall but animals do not?

B Cell Organization

2. Cell Membrane – Protective layer around all cellsa. For cells with cell walls the cell membrane is inside the cell wallb. A cell membrane allows food and oxygen into the cell and waste products out of the cell

3. Cytoplasm – gelatin – like substance inside all cells

A. cytoskeleton – scaffolding - like structure in cytoplasm which helps keep it in shape

3. Cytoplasm – gelatin – like substance inside all cells

A. cytoskeleton – scaffolding - like structure in cytoplasm which helps keep it in shapeB. In the cytoplasm, eukaryotic cells have organelles which help with cell life processes.

Organelles

4. Nucleus – contains instructions for everything cell does; includes DNA

Organelles

5. Energy processing organelles - help cells do their work

Organelles

5. Energy processing organelles - help cells do their work

a. Green organelles in plant cells contain chloroplasts to make food by photosynthesis

b. Organelles which release the energy stored in food are called mitochondria

Organelles

5. Energy processing organelles - help cells do their work

a. Green organelles in plant cells contain chloroplasts to make food by photosynthesis

Organelles

6. Manufacturing organellesA. Ribosomes - make proteins for cell activities

Organelles

6. Manufacturing organellesA. Ribosomes - make proteins for cell activitiesB. Some ribosomes attach to the rough part of the endoplasmic reticulum (a series of smooth or rough membranes that move materials around in a cell)

Turn and Talk

What foods are considered “protein?”

Organelles

7. Transporting and storing organellesA. Golgi Bodies – Move substances out of cell or to other parts of the cell

Organelles

7. Transporting and storing organellesA. Golgi Bodies – Move substances out of cell or to other parts of the cell B. Vacuoles – membrane-bound temporary storage spaces

Turn and Talk

Why do you think plants have a large, central vacuole? What would be its purpose?

Organelles

Lysosomes - Recycling organelles, break down food molecules and cell wastes

C. From cell to organism

Cell – smallest unit

C. From cell to organism

Cell – smallest unit1. Tissue – group of similar cells working together on one job.

C. From cell to organism

Cell – smallest unit1. Tissue – group of similar cells working together on one job.2. Organ – different types of tissues working together make up an organ.

C. From cell to organism

Cell – smallest unit1. Tissue – group of similar cells working together on one job.2. Organ – different types of tissues working together make up an organ. 3. Organ system – A group of organs working together on a particular function form a system.

C. From cell to organismCell – smallest unit1. Tissue – group of similar cells working together on one job.2. Organ – different types of tissues working together make up an organ. 3. Organ system – A group of organs working together on a particular function form a system.Organism – the organ systems work together to form the entire organism.