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Chapter 3American Revolution
Please Do Now:
In your notebooks write three things you learned about the Battles of Lexington and Concord.
Lexington and Concord
When: April 19, 1775Who: General Thomas Gage (B),
Major John Pitcairn(B), and Colonel John Parker©
Lexington and Concord
Why: Thomas Gage wanted take the Rebel’s weapons and capture John Hancock and Sam Adams
Lexington and Concord
How: Does it change the relations between the Rebels and the British?
It begins the American Revolution
Lexington
Colonists were outnumberedColonists began to retreatKnown as Shot heard round the
world8 Americans were killed10 Americans were wounded
Concord
British could not find weapons or Hancock and Adams
Minutemen gather in large numbersPush the British back to BostonMoral victory for the Colonists
Words to Know
Guerilla Warfare- Using surroundings as part of the war strategy
Minutemen- Continentals ready to fight at a moment’s notice
Militia- Citizen soldiers
Patriots
Wanted colonists to gain independence from Great Britain
Disagreed with being taxed without being fairly represented
Wanted freedom from British rule
Loyalist
Believed they would be better off staying part of the British Empire
Afraid that they would lose against the British
Some had business dealings with the British and depended on British trade
What happened to the loyalists?
Many returned to Great Britain.Some joined the British to fight the
colonistsMany lost their homes and
businessesMany of the Tories or loyalist lived in
New York
Words to Know
Patriot- one who wanted to break free from Great Britain
Tory- another term for a loyalist- one who wanted to remain loyal to the British government
Famous PatriotsPatrick HenryPaul RevereSamuel AdamsEthan AllenBen FranklinGeorge WashingtonThomas JeffersonRichard Henry Lee
Famous Loyalists
Thomas HutchinsonDavid MatthewsJohn ButlerAndrew Allen
Patriots also called
Sons of LibertyColonialsWhigsRebels
Loyalists also called
King Friends Tories Royalist
2nd Continental Congress
When: May 10, 1775Where: Philadelphia, Pa.Who: Delegates from 13 colonies:
Jefferson, Adams, Washington, Franklin, and Hancock
2nd Continental Congress
Why: To determine how to deal with the British
2nd Continental Congress
What were they discussing?Should the colonies prepare for war?Who will lead the army?How would the colonies pay for a
war?Should the colonies make one more
attempt at peace?
Continental Army
The Continental Army was created in case of war
George Washington was named commander-in-chief of the Continental Army
Currency
Congress created their own currency called continentals to pay for supplies and wages for the soldiers
Peace and War
The Continental Congress prepared for war but.
Made one last attempt at peace in a petition known as the Olive Branch Petition.
This promised to make peace if the Intolerable Acts were repealed.
King George III ignored it.
Words to Know
Continentals- Paper money created by the Continental Congress
Olive Branch Petition- Petition sent to King George III to attempt one more try at peace
Please Do Now!!
Copy and complete the following statement on the paper provided.The one obstacle the British faced was
____________________ and the one obstacle the Continental Army faced was ____________________.
Advantages
Had won many other wars.
Known as the strongest military in the world.
Well equipped, fed, and paid
Easy to raise more money
Strong belief in independence
Fought at home-knew the terrain
Military leaders were competent
Gained the French as allies
British Americans
Disadvantages
Fought far from home- took months to deliver soldiers, supplies, and orders to America
Did not know the terrain
Did not have the support of people in Great Britain
Difficulty raising moneyVery few supplies
including blankets and shoes
1/5 of Americans favored the British
Natives favored the British because of the promise of land being returned
British Americans
Words to Know
Hessians- Paid mercenary soldiers from the German town of Hess
Please Do Now
Write three things you know about the Battle of Bunker Hill.
www.britishbattles.com
Battle of Bunker Hill
When: June 16-17, 1775Where: Breed’s Hill Boston, MassachusettsWho: Patriot-William Prescott
British General Thomas Gage
British William Howe Why: To gain the important position
overlooking Boston
What happened at Bunker Hill
William Prescott led his men to Breed’s Hill through the night of June 16th.
Howe attacked three times before he was able to take the hill.
Patriots ran out of ammunition and lost the battle
high cost to the BritishPatriots encouraged and new recruits enlisted
What are earthworks and how are they helpful?
Also known as redoubts- it is a wall of dirt and stone six feet high
Used to help defend the Continental Army
How did the geography of Bunker Hill help the colonists?
The British charged up the hill with heavy packs on.
The British left a sea route open allowing Continentals to escape.
How does the Battle of Bunker Hill end?
The Continental Army was pushed off the hill.
The British won but with heavy losses- 226 dead 800 woundedThe Patriots wounded and dead
totaled350
Words to Know
Redoubt- walls made of dirt and stone used as a fort to protect the Continental soldiers
People to Know
William Prescott- Patriot general that led the men on Breed’s Hill.
Known for saying “Don’t shoot till you see the whites of their eyes.”
William Howe- British general that led attack on Breed’s Hill.
It’s Just Common Sense
Who: Thomas PaineWhen: January, 1776Where: He was from England living in
PhiladelphiaWhy: To convince the colonists to break free
from Great BritainHow: It was a huge success selling 120,000
copies in three months.
What did Common Sense say?
1.The monarchy was corrupt and not chosen by the will of God.
2. All men were equal and should have the right to vote and govern themselves
3.There were economic benefits to being free from Britain. He also argued that Britain was using the colonies for their wealth.
One word-One Phrase-One Sentence
In the following pages I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense: and have no other preliminaries to settle with the reader than that he will divest [rid] himself of prejudice and prepossession, and suffer [permit] his reason and his feelings to determine for themselves:
One word-One Phrase-One Sentence
The sun never shined on a cause of greater worth. ’Tis not the affair of a city, a country, a province, or a kingdom, but of a continent – of at least one eighth part of the habitable globe.
One word-One Phrase-One Sentence
Volumes have been written on the subject of the struggle between American and (Great Britain). Men from all walks of life have entered into controversy, for different and various reasons; but all have been senseless and the period of debate is closed. War, as the last resource, must decide the contest….
One word-One Phrase-One Sentence
I have heard it said by some that America has flourished under her former connection with Great Britain, and that to stay happy and prosper and progress, America must stay related or connected to Great Britain
One Word-One Phrase-One Sentence
I answer roundly, that America would have flourished as much, and probably much more, had no European power had anything to do with her. The articles of commerce and food by which she is enriched herself are necessities of life, and will always have a market while eating is the custom of Europe….
One Word-One Phrase-One Sentence
We have boasted the protection of Great Britain, without considering, that her motive was interested not attachment; and that she did not protect us from our enemies on our account but from her enemies on her own account…
One Word-One Phrase-One Sentence
But Britain is the parent country, some say. Then the more shame on her conduct. Even beasts do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their families… Europe, and not (Britain), is the parent country of America. This new world has been a fortress for the persecuted lovers of civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe.
One Word-One Phrase-One Sentence
Small islands not capable of protecting themselves are the ones which must be taken care of, but there is something absurd in supposing a continent (America) is to be governed by an island (Great Britain).
One Word-One Phrase-One Sentence
Never has nature made the satellite larger than its primary planet; in looking at (Britain) and America, it can be seen that just the opposite is true.
One Word-One Phrase-One Sentence
It is evident they belong to different systems. (Britain) belongs to Europe, America to itself….. Independence is the only bond that can tie and keep us together…. The commercial (mercantile) and reasonable part of (Great Britain) will still be with us; because peace with trade is preferable to war.
