Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
CHEM 8A Binder
J. McMurry, Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition
76 CHAPTER 3 | Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry
Table 3.1 Structures of Some Common Functional Groups
Name Structure* Name ending Example
Alkene CC
-ene H2C P CH2(double bond) Ethene
Alkyne OCqCO -yne HC q CH(triple bond) Ethyne
Arene None
Benzene
(aromatic ring)
Halide C
X None CH3Cl Chloromethane
(X ! F, Cl, Br, I)
Alcohol C
OH -ol CH3OH Methanol
Ether C
OC
ether CH3OCH3 Dimethyl ether
Monophosphate
CO O–P
O
O–
phosphate CH3OPO32!
Methyl phosphate
Diphosphate
CO
P
O
O–O O–P
O
O–
diphosphate CH3OP2O63!
Methyl diphosphate
Amine
CN
-amine CH3NH2 Methylamine
Imine
C C
N
C
None
Acetone imine
NH
CH3CCH3(Schiff base)
Nitrile OCqN -nitrile CH3CqN Ethanenitrile
Thiol C
SH -thiol CH3SH Methanethiol
*The bonds whose connections aren’t specified are assumed to be attached to carbon or hydrogen atoms in the rest of the molecule.
Continued
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
76 CHAPTER 3 | Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry
Table 3.1 Structures of Some Common Functional Groups
Name Structure* Name ending Example
Alkene CC
-ene H2C P CH2(double bond) Ethene
Alkyne OCqCO -yne HC q CH(triple bond) Ethyne
Arene None
Benzene
(aromatic ring)
Halide C
X None CH3Cl Chloromethane
(X ! F, Cl, Br, I)
Alcohol C
OH -ol CH3OH Methanol
Ether C
OC
ether CH3OCH3 Dimethyl ether
Monophosphate
CO O–P
O
O–
phosphate CH3OPO32!
Methyl phosphate
Diphosphate
CO
P
O
O–O O–P
O
O–
diphosphate CH3OP2O63!
Methyl diphosphate
Amine
CN
-amine CH3NH2 Methylamine
Imine
C C
N
C
None
Acetone imine
NH
CH3CCH3(Schiff base)
Nitrile OCqN -nitrile CH3CqN Ethanenitrile
Thiol C
SH -thiol CH3SH Methanethiol
*The bonds whose connections aren’t specified are assumed to be attached to carbon or hydrogen atoms in the rest of the molecule.
Continued
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
CHEM 8A Binder
J. McMurry, Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition
3.1 | Functional Groups 77
Table 3.1 Structures of Some Common Functional Groups (continued)
Name Structure* Name ending Example
Sulfide C
SC
sulfide CH3SCH3 Dimethyl sulfide
Disulfide
CS C
S
disulfide CH3SSCH3 Dimethyl disulfide
Sulfoxide
CS+
O–
C
sulfoxide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
O–
CH3SCH3+
Aldehyde
H
O
C
-al
Ethanal
O
CH3CH
Ketone
C C
O
C
-one
Propanone
O
CH3CCH3
Carboxylic acid
C OH
O
C
-oic acid
Ethanoic acid
O
CH3COH
Ester
C O
O
C C
-oate
Methyl ethanoate
O
CH3COCH3
Thioester
C S
O
C C
-thioate
Methyl ethanethioate
O
CH3CSCH3
Amide
C
O
CN
-amide
Ethanamide
O
CH3CNH2
Acid chloride
C Cl
O
C
-oyl chloride
Ethanoyl chloride
O
CH3CCl
Carboxylic acid
C C
O
C
O
CO
-oic anhydride
Ethanoic anhydride
O
CH3COCCH3
Oanhydride
*The bonds whose connections aren’t specified are assumed to be attached to carbon or hydrogen atoms in the rest of the molecule.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
3.1 | Functional Groups 77
Table 3.1 Structures of Some Common Functional Groups (continued)
Name Structure* Name ending Example
Sulfide C
SC
sulfide CH3SCH3 Dimethyl sulfide
Disulfide
CS C
S
disulfide CH3SSCH3 Dimethyl disulfide
Sulfoxide
CS+
O–
C
sulfoxide
Dimethyl sulfoxide
O–
CH3SCH3+
Aldehyde
H
O
C
-al
Ethanal
O
CH3CH
Ketone
C C
O
C
-one
Propanone
O
CH3CCH3
Carboxylic acid
C OH
O
C
-oic acid
Ethanoic acid
O
CH3COH
Ester
C O
O
C C
-oate
Methyl ethanoate
O
CH3COCH3
Thioester
C S
O
C C
-thioate
Methyl ethanethioate
O
CH3CSCH3
Amide
C
O
CN
-amide
Ethanamide
O
CH3CNH2
Acid chloride
C Cl
O
C
-oyl chloride
Ethanoyl chloride
O
CH3CCl
Carboxylic acid
C C
O
C
O
CO
-oic anhydride
Ethanoic anhydride
O
CH3COCCH3
Oanhydride
*The bonds whose connections aren’t specified are assumed to be attached to carbon or hydrogen atoms in the rest of the molecule.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
