Chapter 28 Chapter 28 Chapter 28 Chapter 28

East AsiaEast Asia

China

28-1 ChinaEarly History

• China’s history dates back to more then 4,000 years ago.

• It has been ruled by many dynasties.

• The first dynasty was the Shang, which arose during the 1700s B.C.

• This family ruled for over 600 years, until it was overthrown by the Zhou Dynasty.

Dynasty

• The next important dynasty was that of the Han.

• They pushed the size of the empire into new lands once controlled by nomadic warriors.

• In 1644, the last dynasty came to power, the Qing Dynasty.

• In 1911 they were overthrown by revolutionaries.

China Opens up to the World

• China and Europe had few contacts until the 1800s.

• Then, European powers wanted access to Chinese markets.

• Europe imposed treaties that granted them special privileges.

• Trade in China was divided into spheres of influence.

Spheres of Influence.

• In the Boxer Rebellion in the 1900, Chinese militants attacked and killed Europeans in China.

• After the attempted Rebellion, the Manchu rulers tried to reform the government.

• It was to late. • During the 1920’s and 30’s, the

Communist Party became increasingly powerful.

• In 1949, the Communist party led

by Mao Zedong took control. • They named the country the

People’s Republic of China.

Rural and Industrial Economies

• When the Communist Party came to power in 1949, it promised to modernize China.

• It planned to encourage the growth of industry.

• This approach failed. • Since the 1980s, China has allowed

the marketplace and the consumer to play a role in the economy.

• China remains largely rural. • About 60% of China’s workers work

on farms, but only about 13% of the land is usable for farming.

• The Industrial heartland is in the Northwest part.

• Here, important resources to manufacturing, such as coal, iron ore, and oil are found.

A rich and Complex Culture

• The Chinese invented paper, printing, gunpowder, the compass an d cloth made from silk.

• China has three major religious or ethnical traditions.

• Confucianism – is based on the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius.

• Confucius lived in the 500s BC.

Confucianism

• Taoism got its name from a book called the Tao Te Ching.

• The book is said to be based on the teaching of Lao Tzu, who also lived in the 500s BC.

• Buddhism came to China from India.

• It had grown into an important religion by 300 A. D.

• Both religions influenced Buddhism as it developed in China.

Taoism Buddhism

The Most Populous Country

• China is the most populous country in the world.

• Its estimated population in 2010 was over 1.3 billion.

• China has been able to provide health-care to all its people.

• Villages have clinic with trained medical workers called “barefoot Doctors”.

Mongolia and TaiwanMongolia and TaiwanMongolia and TaiwanMongolia and Taiwan

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A History of Nomads and Traders

• The Mongols were nomadic herders for thousands of years.

• In 1206, Genghis Khan united the Mongol clans an lead them in conquering Central Asia.

• The Empire broke up in the 1300s. • In the 1600s, the Chinese gained

control of Mongolia.

• In 1911, the Mongolians finally pushed the Chinese out.

• With Russia’s guidance Mongolia became a communist country in 1924.

• After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989, the communist party in Mongolia lost its power.

• Over the centuries, many groups from China came to the island of Taiwan.

• The Japanese seized Taiwan after winning a war with China in 1895.

• Japan kept it until their lost in WWII.

• The Nationalist party in China that had lost to the Communist party fled to Taiwan.

• There they established the Republic of China.

• However, China’s Communist government has never recognized Taiwan as a separate country.

Taiwan's Economy• Taiwan is considered one of the

economic tigers of Asia, along with Singapore and South Korea.

• Taiwan is one of the prosperous, industrialized nations of the Pacific Rim.

Cultures of Mongolia and Taiwan

• The culture of Taiwan is Chinese. • The island has many universities and

about 30 daily newspapers. • Most people speak Mandarin, the

official language of Northern China. • In Taiwan, about half of the people

practice a blend of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism.

Daily Life

• Many people of Mongolia are farms or nomadic.

• While Mongolia remains isolated, Taiwan has opened itself up to many Western influences.

• For example, baseball has become popular in Taiwan and many other Asian countries.

The Koreas: North The Koreas: North and South and South

The Koreas: North The Koreas: North and South and South

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Korea

A Divided Peninsula• Korea is a peninsula. • The ancestors of today’s Koreans

came to the peninsula at least 5,000 years ago form Manchuria and North China.

• About 100B.C., China conquered the northern half of the peninsula.

• This began a history of conquest and invasions by China and Japan.

• Korea was partially conquered by China. Koreans gradually won back their territory.

• By the late 300’s AD, the three kingdoms had formed on the peninsula.

• Koguryo was the kingdom in the Northeast.

• Paekche was in the Southwest• Silla was in the Southeast.• Silla conquered the other two and

controlled the peninsula for hundreds of years.

• In 1910 Japan, took control of the peninsula.

• And controlled the country until after WWII.

• After WWII the northern part became under the control of the Soviet Union. – communist

• The southern half came under the influence of the US.

• In 1950 North Korean troops invaded South Korea.

• This started the Korean war.

• Fighting stopped in 1953 • A treaty was signed that divided

the peninsula between the communist North and the democratic South.

• In 2000 the two countries started to talk about reuniting.- those talks have gone stalled.

Influences on Korean Culture

• In philosophy and religion, Korea has adapted many ideas from China.

• Since WWII two major influences have had a profound effect on Korea– Communism in the North– Western Culture in the South

Night over Korea

Economic and Human Resources

• Before the Korean War, the economies of North and South Korea were agricultural.

• After the war, industry gained in importance in both countries.

• If North and South reunite, they would form an economic powerhouse.

• The North would supply the raw materials the industries of the South needs.

• South Korea, like Taiwan, is one of the economic tigers of Asia.

• Most people in Korea live on plains along the coast or in river valleys among the mountains.

• SK has 45% of the land, but it has about 66% of the people.

• Of Korea’s cities, Seoul is by far the largest.

• It has a population of more then 10 million.

• The largest city in the north is Pyongyang.

• Its population is near 2.5 million.

Japan Japan Japan Japan

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Japan Map

Samurai and Shogun• Japan was close enough to China to

feel its civilizing effects. • However, they were far enough

away to be protected from invasion.• Some evidence suggests that the

ancestors of today’s Japanese came across Siberia to Japan.

• Until well into the 300s AD, Japan was not a unified country.

• By the 400’s AD, the Yamato clan had become the ruling clan.

• By the 600’s AD, the leaders of the Yamato clan called themselves emperors of Japan.

• In 794, the rulers moved their capital to Heian (modern Kyoto)

• The era from 794 to 1185 is called the Heian period.

• Japan had a strong central government.

• However, in time, the great landowners and clan chiefs acted as independent rulers.

• Professional soldiers called samurai served the landowners and clan chiefs as bodyguards and warriors.

Samurai • Samurai means “one who

guards”

• In 1192, after a struggle between two powerful clans, the Japanese emperor created the position of shogun.

• The shogun was the general of the emperor’s army

• Rule by the shoguns lasted for about 700 years.

• In 1853, they received Commodore Matthew Perry from the United States.

• Perry’s arrival ended Japan’s isolation.

• During the late 1800’s, Japan’s government began bringing Japan into the modern age.

• By the early 1900s, Japan had become a major power.

• In the first part of 1900s, Japan expanded its empire.

• On December 7, 1941, the Japanese made a surprise attack at Pearl Harbor.

• This attack brought the US into WWII.- Japan surrendered in 1945.

Pearl Harbor

An Economic Powerhouse

• The population of Japan is about 126 million.

• About 75% of Japan’s people live in cities.

• Japan has few minorities.• Most of Japan’s population and

most of its industry are on the east coast of the main island of Honshu.

Tokyo

• Today western influences can be see all over Japan’s major cities.

• Such influences included sports, music and fashion.

•That’s it you are done with notes for Mr. Tarantur’s class