Chapter 27: Section 3

THREE NATIONS ON THE ROAD TO

MODERNIZATIONby Kate Y.

1. What were the cause of the Islamic revolution in Iran?

2. What economic policies have Egyptian leaders followed?

3. How has Turkey progressed toward modernization?

IRANIran is the second largest country in Middle East. It has the third-largest population and it is a huge oil resources strategic location on the Persian Gulf.

IRANS LAND AND RESOURCES

Iran’s land is very dry and it made up of rugged plateaus. Most Iranians live in the northeast where rainfall is adequate for farming. Tehran, the capital, is located in the fertile region. Oil plays a very dominant role in Iran’s economy. Iran is the third largest oil reserve in Middle East and fourth largest in the world.

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THE PEOPLE OF IRAN

MOST IRANIANS ARE MUSLIMS AND SPEAK PERSAIN. IRAN IS HOME TO MORE THAN DOZEN ETHNIC GROUPS.

-PERSIANS-ARMENIANS

-BALUCHIS

-KURDS

IRAN’S MODERNIZATION

Iran improved the health care and education.

Government financed water projects and new road and also encouraged industrial growth.

Gave women new rights, for example they get to vote.

ISLAMIC REVOLUTION

In 1979 supporters of Khomeini overthrew the shah. They made Iran into a theocracy. Theocracy is a government ruled by religious leaders. They replaced secular courts with religious courts and enforced Muslim traditions. Also new laws were made. Women had to wear veils and western music and movies were banned. Also revolutionaries held 52 American citizens hostage for more than a year. Iran’s revolutionaries hoped to spark on Islamic revolution that would sweep the Muslim world.

EGYPTNationalism helped shape modern Egypt

EGPYT LAND AND PEOPLE

• largest population in middle east and raked third in the area

•Egypt is desert so about 95% of Egyptians live on just 5% of land

•Cities, towns, and villages border a narrow strip of land along Nile River

•12% of Egypt’s people live in Cairo

•40% of Egyptian people are farmers

•Nile Valley is Egypt’s greatest natural resources

EGYPT’S NASSER’S POLICITES

Nasser’s goal was to expand farm output and end economic dependence on the west by developing Egypt's industries. Nasser financed the building of Aswan High Dam. The dam allowed Egypt to irrigate more farmland, Nile flooding, and produce low-cost hydroelectric power for factories and homes. The dam has an environmental cost. The farmers have to buy chemicals for fertilizing and the change in the Nile Rivers water led to reduced fish in the Mediterranean Sea.

EGYPT’S ECONOMIC PATTERNS

New industries were built, for example textile, chemicals and steel. The government played a major role in the economy. Also Hoshi Mubarak, egypt's new president, focused on the country’s economic ills. He tried to balance the need of large population with the requirement to repay Egypt’s foreign debts. Also in a bid to destroy Egypt’s tourist industry a band of terrorists brutally murdered 58 foreign tourist, including women and children.

TURKEY

Turkey links the Middle East and Europe together. Ankara is it’s capital. Turkey’s location gives it control of the sea route that connects Black Sea with Mediterranean Sea. Turkey joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

THE LAND AND PEOPLE OF TURKEY

•There are no deserts and there are high plateaus

•The land varies from a tropical southern coast to cooler interior highlands.

• Crops are grown in this area for instance bananas, olives, wheat, and potatoes

•Turks take pride in their distinct language, culture and history.

•About 10 to 12 million Turkish people are Kurds.

TURKEY’S ECONOMIS PATTERNS

Turkey has one of the most balanced economies in the Middle East. It has a mid of modern industry and trade along with traditional agriculture. Fertilization and new seed increased farmers food out put. It has developed a number of industries, automobile, manufacturing, textile, and food processing.

TURKEY’S CHALLENGESDespite progress toward modernization, turkey faces many challenges. There population is growing faster that the economy’s ability to create new jobs. Also economic and political crises have led to violence. Turkey has many political parties and rivalry among them has sometimes caused unrest. Also the government and military have challenges in separation between government and religion. The government has banned some Islamic parties.

THE END!!!!!!!!!By Kate Y