Chapter 27Chapter 27

Feudalism and Japanese Feudalism and Japanese ReunificationReunification

Ming vs. Qing ChinaMing vs. Qing China Ming DynastyMing Dynasty 1300s-1600s1300s-1600s Support Chinese culture / Support Chinese culture /

replace Mongol tracesreplace Mongol traces Positives: Cultural revival Positives: Cultural revival

(literature, porcelain, (literature, porcelain, architecture, Confucianism, architecture, Confucianism, Civil Service Exams, trade Civil Service Exams, trade with Europe, Zheng He’s with Europe, Zheng He’s voyages)voyages)

Negatives/Decline: Weak Negatives/Decline: Weak rulers, pirating off east rulers, pirating off east coast, silver influx (inflation), coast, silver influx (inflation), shrinking agricultural yields, shrinking agricultural yields, invaders from north invaders from north (extensive borders were (extensive borders were difficult to protect)difficult to protect)

Replaced by Replaced by ManchusManchus from from the North (Qing)the North (Qing)

Qing DyanstyQing Dyansty 1600s-1900s1600s-1900s ““Closed-off”Closed-off” Gov’t controls trade in one city: Gov’t controls trade in one city:

Canton (exported tea)Canton (exported tea) Favorable Balance of Trade Favorable Balance of Trade

(many exports/few imports)(many exports/few imports) Aggressive anti-foreigner Aggressive anti-foreigner

policiespolicies• No foreign goodsNo foreign goods• No Christianity – banned in 1724No Christianity – banned in 1724

Decline in late 1700s, early Decline in late 1700s, early 1800s1800s• Rapid population growthRapid population growth• Poverty, lack of tech / scientific Poverty, lack of tech / scientific

achievementsachievements• ****BECOMES HEAVILY ****BECOMES HEAVILY

DOMINATED BY EUROPE IN THE DOMINATED BY EUROPE IN THE 1800s1800s

FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Japan:Japan:

A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Japan:Japan:

Shogun

Daimyo Daimyo

Samurai Samurai Samurai

Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant

Land - Shoen

Land - Shoen

Protection

Loyalty

Loyalty

Food

Feudal JapanFeudal Japan After 1185 – Japan was ruled by After 1185 – Japan was ruled by ShogunsShoguns – –

military rulers, ruling on behalf of Emperor (who military rulers, ruling on behalf of Emperor (who was figurehead) – was figurehead) –

““Japanese Feudalism” – political and social, Japanese Feudalism” – political and social, decentralized systemdecentralized system

By 13-1400s, Japanese feudalism breaks down - in By 13-1400s, Japanese feudalism breaks down - in reality ruled by reality ruled by DaimyoDaimyo - landowning aristocrats - landowning aristocrats

Weak Japan (1400s-1500s) allowed Europeans to Weak Japan (1400s-1500s) allowed Europeans to arrive in the 1500s and arrive in the 1500s and exercise lots of influenceexercise lots of influence• The Dutch arriveThe Dutch arrive• Trade with EuropeTrade with Europe• Spread of Christianity Spread of Christianity

Reunification of JapanReunification of Japan

Effort to restore power in Effort to restore power in centralizedcentralized, , powerful shogunspowerful shoguns

Occurs with the Occurs with the Tokugawa Shogunate -Tokugawa Shogunate -16031603 Characteristics: Characteristics:• New capital at Edo (modern Tokyo)New capital at Edo (modern Tokyo)• Centralized rule; emperor still a figurehead; Centralized rule; emperor still a figurehead;

lasting peacelasting peace• Samurai keep elite status – citizens can’t Samurai keep elite status – citizens can’t

own weapons (why)own weapons (why)• Women’s status changesWomen’s status changes

Japanese IsolationismJapanese Isolationism

Japan had traded with Europe – going Japan had traded with Europe – going back to 1500sback to 1500s

Tokugawa gov’t saw Europeans as Tokugawa gov’t saw Europeans as barbaricbarbaric• Banned missionariesBanned missionaries• Banned gunpowder importationBanned gunpowder importation• 1649-1720: Only could trade at one 1649-1720: Only could trade at one

Japanese port (Nagasaki) – then shut it Japanese port (Nagasaki) – then shut it down altogetherdown altogether

Successes of the TokugawaSuccesses of the Tokugawa

Restored peace / stabilityRestored peace / stability Good agricultural yields – population Good agricultural yields – population

increasesincreases Edo grows as one of world’s largestEdo grows as one of world’s largest

How were the Qing Dynasty and the How were the Qing Dynasty and the Tokugawa Shogunate similar (esp. with Tokugawa Shogunate similar (esp. with respect to contacts with the outside respect to contacts with the outside world?) Give specific examplesworld?) Give specific examples

What accounted for each government’s What accounted for each government’s adoption of isolationist policies? (Why did adoption of isolationist policies? (Why did they choose this route?)they choose this route?)

What would be some of the long-term What would be some of the long-term outcomes of Chinese and Japanese outcomes of Chinese and Japanese isolationism in the period 1600-1800?isolationism in the period 1600-1800?

Chapter 27 Review Questions