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Chapter 25 Fungi

Chapter 25 Fungi

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Chapter 25 Fungi. Fig. 31-1. Fig. 31-2. Reproductive structure. Hyphae. Spore-producing structures. 20 µm. Mycelium. Fig. 31-3. Cell wall. Cell wall. Nuclei. Pore. Septum. Nuclei. (a) Septate hypha. (b) Coenocytic hypha. Fig. 31-5-3. Key. Heterokaryotic stage. Haploid ( n ). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Chapter 25 Fungi

Chapter 25 Fungi

Page 2: Chapter 25 Fungi

Fig. 31-1

Page 3: Chapter 25 Fungi

Fig. 31-2

Reproductive structure

Spore-producingstructures

Hyphae

Mycelium

20 µm

Page 4: Chapter 25 Fungi

Fig. 31-3

(b) Coenocytic hypha

Septum

(a) Septate hypha

Pore

Nuclei

Nuclei Cell wallCell wall

Page 5: Chapter 25 Fungi
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Fig. 31-5-3

Spores

Spore-producingstructures

GERMINATION

ASEXUALREPRODUCTION

Mycelium

Key

Heterokaryotic(unfused nuclei fromdifferent parents)

Haploid (n)

Diploid (2n)

SEXUALREPRODUCTION

KARYOGAMY(fusion of nuclei)

PLASMOGAMY(fusion of cytoplasm)

Heterokaryoticstage

Zygote

Spores

GERMINATIONMEIOSIS

Page 9: Chapter 25 Fungi

Fig. 31-6

2.5 µm

Page 10: Chapter 25 Fungi
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Fig. 31-7

10 µm

Parentcell

Bud

Page 13: Chapter 25 Fungi

Fig. 31-11

Chytrids (1,000 species)

Zygomycetes (1,000 species)

Hyphae 25 µm

Glomeromycetes (160 species)

Fungal hypha

Ascomycetes (65,000 species)

Basidiomycetes (30,000 species)

Page 14: Chapter 25 Fungi

Fig. 31-13-4

Rhizopusgrowingon bread

SEXUALREPRODUCTION

Youngzygosporangium(heterokaryotic)

Gametangia withhaploid nucleiMating

type (–)

Matingtype (+)

Diploid (2n)

Haploid (n)Heterokaryotic (n + n)

PLASMOGAMY

Key

Diploidnuclei

Zygosporangium

100 µm

KARYOGAMY

MEIOSIS

Sporangium

Spores

Dispersal andgermination

ASEXUALREPRODUCTION

Dispersal andgermination

Sporangia

Mycelium50 µm

Page 15: Chapter 25 Fungi

Glomeromycetes

• The glomeromycetes (phylum Glomeromycota) were once considered zygomycetes

• They are now classified in a separate clade• Glomeromycetes form arbuscular mycorrhizae

Page 16: Chapter 25 Fungi

Fig. 31-15

2.5 µm

Page 17: Chapter 25 Fungi

Fig. 31-16

Tuber melanosporum, a truffle

Morchella esculenta,the tasty morel

Page 18: Chapter 25 Fungi

Fig. 31-17-4

KeyHaploid (n)

Diploid (2n)Dikaryotic (n + n)

Conidiophore

Mycelium

ASEXUALREPRODUCTION

Germination

Hypha PLASMOGAMY

Haploid spores (conidia)

Conidia;mating type (–)

Matingtype (+)

SEXUALREPRODUCTION

Dikaryotichyphae

Ascus(dikaryotic)

Mycelia

KARYOGAMY

Diploid nucleus(zygote)

Germination

Asci

Dispersal

Dispersal

AscocarpEightascospores

Fourhaploidnuclei MEIOSIS

Page 19: Chapter 25 Fungi

Fig. 31-18a

Maiden veil fungus(Dictyphora), afungus with an odor like rotting meat

Page 20: Chapter 25 Fungi

Fig. 31-18b

Puffballs emittingspores

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Fig. 31-18cShelf fungi, importantdecomposers of wood

Page 22: Chapter 25 Fungi

Basidium

Fig. 31-19-4

SEXUALREPRODUCTION

Diploid (2n)

Haploid (n)Dikaryotic (n +n)

Key

PLASMOGAMY

Matingtype (+)

Haploid myceliaDikaryotic mycelium

Matingtype (–)

Basidia(n+n)

Gills linedwith basidia

Basidiocarp(n+n)

KARYOGAMY

Diploidnuclei

MEIOSIS

Basidium containingfour haploid nuclei

Dispersal andgermination

Basidiospores(n)

Basidium withfour basidiospores

Basidiospore1 µm

Haploid mycelia

Page 23: Chapter 25 Fungi
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Fig. 31-20

Page 25: Chapter 25 Fungi

Fig. 31-23a

A fruticose (shrublike) lichen

Page 26: Chapter 25 Fungi

Fig. 31-23b

Crustose(encrusting)lichens

Page 27: Chapter 25 Fungi

Fig. 31-23c

A foliose(leaflike)lichen

Page 28: Chapter 25 Fungi

Fig. 31-24

Algal cell

Ascocarp of fungusSoredia

Fungal hyphae

Fungalhyphae Algal

layer

20 µ

m

Page 29: Chapter 25 Fungi

Fig. 31-25a

(a) Corn smut on corn

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Fig. 31-25b

(b) Tar spot fungus on maple leaves

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Fig. 31-25c

(c) Ergots on rye

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Fig. 31-26

Staphylococcus

Zone ofinhibitedgrowth

Penicillium

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Fig. 31-UN6a

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Fig. 31-UN6b

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Fig. 31-UN6c

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Fig. 31-UN6d

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Fig. 31-UN6e

Page 38: Chapter 25 Fungi

You should now be able to:

1. List the characteristics that distinguish fungi from other multicellular kingdoms

2. Describe the life cycles of Rhizopus stolonifer and Neurospora crassa

3. Distinguish among zygomycetes, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes

4. Describe some of the roles of fungi in ecosystems, lichens, animal-fungi mutualistic symbioses, food production, and medicine and as pathogens