Chapter 24 / Section I: Pages 558-565Chapter 24 / Section I: Pages 558-565The Spread of Western ImperialismThe Spread of Western Imperialism

Chapter 24 / Section I: Pages 558-565Chapter 24 / Section I: Pages 558-565The Spread of Western ImperialismThe Spread of Western Imperialism

This section is about: How the changing

economic conditions brought about by the Industrial Revolution motivated imperialism and the seeking of colonies by governments of Western Europe.

Where imperialism spread and how western European nations justified establishing colonies in those areas.

Start by looking on pages 558-Start by looking on pages 558-559559

LetLet’’s start with going s start with going over what over what ““imperialismimperialism”” means. means.

This Chapter has 4 This Chapter has 4 sections (on page sections (on page 558).558).

WeWe’’ll do this chapter in ll do this chapter in just 2 sections: I and just 2 sections: I and then II/III/IV together.then II/III/IV together.

The reason countries The reason countries gave for imperialism is gave for imperialism is in the writing on page in the writing on page 558 – let558 – let’’s read that.s read that.

The Spread of Western Imperialism and…The Spread of Western Imperialism and… Europe at the End of the Nineteenth Europe at the End of the Nineteenth

CenturyCentury

The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution (using power machines (using power machines instead of making things instead of making things by hand) changed the by hand) changed the world completely – with world completely – with huge economic and huge economic and social changes.social changes.

The I.R. started in Great The I.R. started in Great Britain, but by 1870, had Britain, but by 1870, had spread around the world.spread around the world.

The Industrial Revolution in Full The Industrial Revolution in Full StrideStride

In 1850: Great Britain was In 1850: Great Britain was the most industrialized the most industrialized country in the world - and country in the world - and they controlled much of the they controlled much of the worldworld’’s markets.s markets.

They even held the first They even held the first WorldWorld’’s Fair (1851) - to s Fair (1851) - to celebrate technology and celebrate technology and industry.industry.

People who came from People who came from around the world were around the world were amazed at what they saw.amazed at what they saw.

France, Belgium, and the France, Belgium, and the U.S. started to catch up - U.S. started to catch up - and so did Germany.and so did Germany.

By 1900, Germany was By 1900, Germany was competing with Britain in the competing with Britain in the steel industry and for control steel industry and for control of the seas (trade).of the seas (trade).

The Economic PictureThe Economic Picture

Transportation and Transportation and communication changes communication changes (steam engine, (steam engine, telegraph, telephone) telegraph, telephone) also brought people and also brought people and nations nations ““closer.closer.””

For example, when the For example, when the South didnSouth didn’’t supply t supply England with cotton England with cotton during the American during the American Civil War, they could go Civil War, they could go to their supply in India.to their supply in India.

……………………………………....

But, to make sure they But, to make sure they could still use this supply, could still use this supply, they had to tighten their they had to tighten their control over India.control over India.

The British helped The British helped themselves by building a lot themselves by building a lot of new railroads in India (for of new railroads in India (for cotton? – and for soldiers).cotton? – and for soldiers).

One thing the British did One thing the British did that hurt India was they that hurt India was they could also sell their finished could also sell their finished product cheaper and faster product cheaper and faster (RR(RR’’s) to the people of India s) to the people of India - almost putting the Indian - almost putting the Indian textile industry out of textile industry out of business.business.

That was part of the plan in That was part of the plan in Asia and Africa – buy raw Asia and Africa – buy raw materials cheaply and sell materials cheaply and sell finished goods at high finished goods at high prices.prices.

The Colonizers and the Colonized The Colonizers and the Colonized and… European Defense of and… European Defense of

ImperialismImperialism

Throughout history, Throughout history, people move (migrate) to people move (migrate) to look for new opportunities.look for new opportunities.

These may be economic, These may be economic, political, religious, or political, religious, or survival opportunities.survival opportunities.

Colonialism and Colonialism and Imperialism are part of Imperialism are part of those same opportunities those same opportunities (for some, not all).(for some, not all).

……………………………………………………

Colonialism: expanding and Colonialism: expanding and protecting trade routes and protecting trade routes and markets.markets.

ImperialismImperialism: process where : process where one nation gets political, one nation gets political, social, and economic control social, and economic control over another nation.over another nation.

When Europe industrialized, When Europe industrialized, they gained an edge over they gained an edge over the rest of the world in the rest of the world in manufacturing, manufacturing, transportation, and weapons.transportation, and weapons.

This also meant, they This also meant, they needed greater supplies of needed greater supplies of raw materials – and Africa raw materials – and Africa and Asia had them.and Asia had them.

They were creating an They were creating an infrastructureinfrastructure to help them to help them operate efficiently (roads, operate efficiently (roads, bridges, railroads, docks, bridges, railroads, docks, factories, mines, banks, factories, mines, banks, houses, hotels, etc…houses, hotels, etc…

A group of basic needs that helps a community

operate efficiently.

Economics of ImperialismEconomics of Imperialism Economics is always one Economics is always one

of the biggest factors in of the biggest factors in Imperialism.Imperialism.

Tea, coffee, rubber, and Tea, coffee, rubber, and jute came from warmer jute came from warmer climates than Europe (and climates than Europe (and those places were poor those places were poor and underdeveloped, with and underdeveloped, with a huge supply of cheap a huge supply of cheap labor).labor).

These would also be good These would also be good markets (since their ships markets (since their ships were already heading were already heading there, they might as well there, they might as well take finished goods with take finished goods with them).them).

But this also meant, these But this also meant, these European countries European countries wanted greater control wanted greater control over areas they were over areas they were ““working with.working with.””

Politics and ImperialismPolitics and Imperialism

But European nations But European nations wanted to make sure wanted to make sure no other nation got too no other nation got too much of an advantage.much of an advantage.

Some of these new Some of these new countries became countries became colonies. Others colonies. Others became known as became known as protectoratesprotectorates: where : where they had their own they had their own government, but were government, but were still under some control still under some control by the big, European by the big, European country.country.

Religion, Culture, and Religion, Culture, and ImperialismImperialism

Religious and Social Religious and Social arguments were often given arguments were often given as a reason to support as a reason to support Imperialism.Imperialism.

Missionaries could now Missionaries could now convert non-Christians, and convert non-Christians, and would promote education.would promote education.

New schools and hospitals New schools and hospitals could be built for the people.could be built for the people.

Writers and politicians even Writers and politicians even spoke of spoke of the moral obligation the moral obligation to do to do ““the right thingthe right thing”” for for these people: bringing these people: bringing culture, reason, and order to culture, reason, and order to their livestheir lives..

In some places, itIn some places, it’’s even s even called called ““the White Manthe White Man’’s s BurdenBurden..””

Other Factors Involving Other Factors Involving Imperialism Imperialism

Scientists and historians Scientists and historians loved that they could now loved that they could now have access to new areas of have access to new areas of the world (for laboratories the world (for laboratories and even zoos).and even zoos).

Charles DarwinCharles Darwin was a was a scientists at this time.scientists at this time.

In his book, he wrote about In his book, he wrote about how species how species ““evolveevolve”” over over time in order to survive – and time in order to survive – and sometimes this may even sometimes this may even eventually lead to a whole eventually lead to a whole new species.new species.

Of course this helped explain Of course this helped explain Imperialism: that some Imperialism: that some people are more people are more ‘‘evolvedevolved”” than others.than others.

…………………………

Another bad argument Another bad argument for Imperialism was that for Imperialism was that Europeans needed more Europeans needed more space to avoid space to avoid overcrowding their own overcrowding their own countries.countries.

Most of Imperialism was Most of Imperialism was bad: control over peoplbad: control over peoplee ’’s homeland by a s homeland by a foreign power, taking foreign power, taking advantage of people and advantage of people and making them work/live making them work/live under poor conditions, under poor conditions, while having their own while having their own businesses disappear.businesses disappear.

But: there was improved But: there was improved infrastructure, and infrastructure, and schools, and hospitals.schools, and hospitals.

Is that enough to justify Is that enough to justify Imperialism?Imperialism?