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Chapter 23, part 3. The Respiratory System. SECTION 23-7 Pulmonary Ventilation. Pulmonary Ventilation. The physical movement of air into and out of the lungs. Air movement. Movement of air depends upon Boyle’s Law Pressure and volume inverse relationship - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fundamentals of
Anatomy & PhysiologySIXTH EDITION
Frederic H
. Martini
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii
Chapter 23, part 3
The Respiratory System
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
SECTION 23-7 Pulmonary Ventilation
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• The physical movement of air into and out of the lungs
Pulmonary Ventilation
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• Movement of air depends upon
• Boyle’s Law
• Pressure and volume inverse relationship
• Volume depends on movement of diaphragm and ribs
• Pressure and airflow to the lungs
• Compliance – an indication of the expandability of the lungs
Air movement
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Figure 23.14 Respiratory Pressure and Volume Relationships
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• Relationship between intrapulmonary pressure and atmospheric pressure determines direction of air flow
• Intrapleural pressure maintains pull on lungs
• Pressure in the space between parietal and visceral pleura
Pressure changes during inhalation and exhalation
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Figure 23.15 Mechanisms of Pulmonary Ventilation
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Figure 23.15 Mechanisms of Pulmonary Ventilation
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• Single cycle of inhalation and exhalation
• Amount of air moved in one cycle = tidal volume
Respiratory cycle
Animation: Pulmonary VentilationPLAY
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Figure 23.16 Pressure Changes during Inhalation and Exhalation
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• Quiet breathing (eupnea)
• Diaphragm and external and internal intercostals muscles
• Forced breathing (hyperpnea)
• Accessory muscles
Mechanisms of breathing
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Figure 23.17 The Respiratory Muscles
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• Alveolar volume
• Amount of air reaching the alveoli each minute
• Tidal Volume (VT)
• Amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath
• Vital capacity
• Tidal volume plus expiratory and inspiratory reserve volumes
• Residual volume
• Air left in lungs after maximum exhalation
Respiratory volumes
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Figure 23.18 Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
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SECTION 23-8 Gas Exchange
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• Daltons Law and partial pressure
• Individual gases in a mixture exert pressure proportional to their abundance
• Diffusion between liquid and gases (Henry’s law)
• The amount of gas in solution is directly proportional to their partial pressure
The gas laws
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 23.19
Figure 23.19 Henry’s Law and the Relationship between Solubility and Pressure
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Figure 23.19 Henry’s Law and the Relationship between Solubility and Pressure
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• Gas exchange across respiratory membrane is efficient due to:
• Differences in partial pressure
• Small diffusion distance
• Lipid-soluble gases
• Large surface area of all alveoli
• Coordination of blood flow and airflow
Diffusion and respiratory function
