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Chapter 23. Section 1. The French Revolution Begins. The Old Regime-social and political system in France during the 1770s Estates-three social classes of France’s Old Regime. The Old Order. The Privileged Estates. First Estate Catholic clergy Own 10% of lands Pay few taxes - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 23
Section 1The French Revolution Begins
The Old Order The Old Regime-
social and political system in France during the 1770s Estates-three social
classes of France’s Old Regime
The Privileged Estates First Estate
Catholic clergy Own 10% of lands Pay few taxes Scorned Enlightenment ideas
Second Estate Made up of rich nobles Made up 2% of population Owned 20% of lands Held highest offices in government Disagreed about Enlightenment ideas
Third Estate 97% of people are peasants, urban workers,
middle class Have few privileges Pay heavy taxes Embraced Enlightenment ideas Resented other two social classes
Clergy: bishops, abbots, and parish priests are at the top of the social pyramid.
This group represented .5% of the total population.
Doctors, lawyers, merchants, and business managers made up the middle class.
The French Urban Poor
% of Income Spent on Bread0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1787
1788
a Urban Commoner’sBudget:
Food 80% Rent 25% Tithe 10% Taxes 35% Clothing 20% TOTAL 170%
a King’s Budget:
Interest 50% Army 25% Versailles 25% Coronation 10% Loans 25% Admin. 25% TOTAL 160%
Financial Problemsin France, 1789
The Forces of Change Enlightenment Ideas
Third Estate members inspired by the success of the American Revolution
Questioned their own society’s structure
Economic Troubles High taxes and rising costs damage economy
by 1780s King Louis XVI and his wife Marie
Antoinette known for extravagance Louis doubles nation’s debt; banks refuse to
lend more money
A Weak Leader Louis’s poor decisions and lack of patience
add to France’s problems His wife makes things worse
Gives Louis bad advice Not well-liked by the people
He calls Estates-General in Versailles, 1789 Meeting of representatives from all three
estates
Commoners3rd Estate
Aristocracy
2nd Estate
Clergy1st Estate
The Suggested Voting Pattern:Voting by Estates
1
1
1
Louis XIV insisted that the ancient distinction of the three orders be conserved in its entirety.
Commoners3rd Estate
Aristocracy2nd Estate
Clergy1st Estate
The Number of Representativesin the Estates General: Vote by Head!
300
300
648
Convening the Estates General May, 1789
Last time it was called into session was 1614!
Dawn of the Revolution The National Assembly
Third Estate has little power under old rules Sieyes persuades them to make major changes
in the French government Third Estate sets up National Assembly-
new legislature to make reforms Tennis-Court Oath-
Delegates decide to write new constitution for France
“The Tennis Court Oath”by Jacques Louis David
June 20, 1789
Storming the Bastille Rumors fly in
Paris that Louis wants to suppress the National Assembly
Mob attacks and seizes Bastille, killing guards on July 14, 1789
A Great Fear Sweeps France Rebellion-
Rumors and panic spread throughout France Great Fear-attacks by peasants taking place across
France Peasants destroy legal papers binding them to
feudal system In October 1789, Parisian women revolt over
rising bread costs They demand action, forcing Louis to return from
Versailles to Paris
Estates
First Estate
Second Estate
Third Estate