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Chapter 23. I can understand how the Great Depression affected the American People and changed the role of government. The Great Depression and the New Deal. Bullet Points p. 795. Read pgs. 770 - 775. Ch 23, Sec 1 Hoover and the Crash. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 23
The Great Depression and the New Deal
I can understand how the Great Depression affected the American People and changed the role of government
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Bullet Points p. 795 Read pgs. 770 - 775
Ch 23, Sec 1Hoover and the Crash
•I can understand how the economy collapsed after the stock market crash
Remember??
• Mining, RR’s, clothing, agriculture all declining
BUT• Stock prices rising• Buying on credit and margin
Watch Out
• This works as long as you can sell your stock and still pay the margin.
• That means stock prices HAVE TO rise• Oct. 23, 1929, stock prices fell• Market crashed completely, Oct. 29,
1929 – BLACK TUESDAY
CAUSES OF DEPRESSION
• Stock market crash – investors lost $• Overproduction• Farms go bankrupt, can’t pay loans• Banks fail – depositors lose $• Business close• Foreign countries can’t pay debt
Human Cost
• Unemployment 1929-1933, 3% to 25% (25 mil)
• City people hit hard• Salaries cut• Poverty• People lost homes
Hoover
• Thought all would work out• Urged local gov’t, business and
charities to help• Finally – The Reconstruction
Finance Corporation• Didn’t work
Hoover
•Didn’t work.•Hoovervilles• June 1932 Bonus march on Washington D.C.
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Bullet Points p. 795 Read pgs. 776 - 781
Ch 23 Sec 2Roosevelt and the New Deal
• I can understand how Franklin Roosevelt responded to the Great Depression
F.D.R.
• Elected President Nov. 1932, took office in 1933
• Created the New Deal• Became a popular
President
F.D.R.
•Said in inaugural speech, March 4, 1933
“THE ONLY THING WE HAVE TO FEAR IS FEAR
ITSELF”
F.D.R.
• Closed banks for 4 days• Got Congress to pass the
Emergency Banking Relief Act on March 9, 1933
• Talked on Radio, Fireside chats
F.D.R.
GOALS1.Relief for jobless2.Economic recovery3.Reforms to prevent repeats
JOBSGOVERNMENT AGENCIES
• F.E.R.A. – Financial help for unemployed
• C.C.C. – hired jobless men for conservation projects
• W.P.A. – Hired people to build government projects
Economic Recovery• N.R.A. – Stabilize
prices, increase employment
• P.W.A. – hired people for government projects
• T.V.A. – build dams
REFORMS
• F.D.I.C.• Companies must report
honestly about stock• Federal agencies to
enforce rules
Obstacles
• Supreme Court – Ruled some reforms unconstitutional
SOLUTION• Roosevelt tried to increase
court members and appoint people who agreed with him
Outcome
• Congress said NO!?? – Does the Constitution say how many members on Court
• NO!! But Congress disagreed• What does this say about FDR?
Outcome
•Roosevelt eventually appointed 8 members during his 4 terms
Critics• Huey Long –
Democrat Louisiana- Take from the rich and give to the poor
Critics• Francis Townsend
– Gov’t pensions. Every retired person gets $200 per month
• - Did not pass but led to Social Security
Critics
• Fr. Charles Coughlin – Gov’t should take over banks
What do you think?• Long –
• Townsend -
• Coughlin -
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Bullet Points p. 795 Read pgs. 782 - 787
Ch 23 Sec 3Life in the Great Depression
•I can understand how the Great Depression affected daily life
Life during Depression - Women
• Women – Secretaries, Teachers. What problems could they face?
An active First Lady• Who is the First Lady?• Eleanor Roosevelt transformed job• Became an activist
-Eyes and ears of President- Speeches on radio, wrote newspaper articles- Championed women’s rights
African Americans
• Cotton prices down• African Americans lost jobs• Moved to cities in south• Whites held jobs• 50% unemployment
The Great Migration - Continued
• Blacks moved North
• Blacks found few jobs
F.D.R. – Mixed record• African Americans supported
F.D.R.• Appointed 100 African Americans
to gov’t jobs• Unofficial black cabinet – Advised
F.D.R. on African American issues
F.D.R. Mixed Record
• Did not support Federal Anti-Lynching law – WHY?- Afraid of losing white Southern Senators vote on New Deal programs
• Did little to support minority rights including Mexicans (now being deported)
Symbolism• African American singer,
Marian Anderson denied opportunity to sing at D.A.R. Hall – 1939
• Eleanor Roosevelt quit D.A.R.
• Arranged performance At Lincoln Memorial – Easter – 75,00 attended
The Dust Bowl• Drought 1930-1935
The Dust Bowl
Arts and Literature
• Steinbeck’s – The Grapes of wrath
• Mickey Mouse• Shirley Temple• Soap Operas
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Bullet Points p. 795 Read pgs. 790 - 793
Ch 23, Sec 4Legacy
•I understand the long term effects of the New Deal
Legacy
• Social SecurityPayroll deductions
• ADC• Financial help to
unemployed
Legacy• Labor –
Right to organize without being firedCollective bargainingMinimum wage – Maximum hoursRestricted child labor
LegacyPOSITIVE
• Created jobs• Ended bank crisis• Reformed stock
market• Improved working
condition• Democracy NOT
dictatorship
NEGATIVE• Deficit spending• Expanded role of
Gov’t.• Threatened
individual freedom and business
