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Chapter 22: The Civil War. South: voluntarily joined, could voluntarily leave; defend Southern Independence North: South were traitors, needed to preserve the union Southern States: SC, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX, VA, AK, TN, NC - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 22: The Civil War
22.1 Introduction
South: voluntarily joined, could voluntarily leave; defend Southern Independence
North: South were traitors, needed to preserve the union
Southern States: SC, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX, VA, AK, TN, NC
Northern States: CA, CT, IL, IN, IA, KS, ME, MA, MI, MN, NV, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OR, PN, RI, VT, WI, DE, MD, MO, KT, WV
22.2 North vs. South
Abraham Lincoln: Union Protect the Union, the country had “matured and continued”
Jefferson Davis: Confederacy States rights, “asserted a right which the Dec of Ind defined as unalienable”
The North
North’s Strengths22 million populationTechnological advantages (factories, resources)
BanksMore farms (food) Iron, coal, copper, goldControlled seasRailroad for supplyingLincoln
North’s WeaknessesMilitary Leadership
The South
South’s StrengthsMilitary Leadership (Lee)Size of south made conquering difficult
Defend and protectSouth’s Weaknesses
Could be divided by Mississippi River
Economic and transportation disadvantagesFew factoriesRailroads
22.3 Bull Run
Anaconda Plan Surround South and cut off trade
Divide Confederacy in half Capture Richmond
Bull Run Rose Greenhow supplied information on attack
Stonewall Jackson held firm with Union assault
Huge victory for South, shock for north
Women and the war Spies Ran farms and businesses Nurses, teachers, government workers
Red Cross
22.4 Antietam: A Bloody Affair
The Anaconda Plan North blockades southern ports; Great Britain refuses to push through, hurts Southern economy
Admiral Farragut leads 46 ships down Mississippi, NOLA falls without a shot
General Grant leads forces through KT and TN; “Unconditional Surrender”
22.4 Antietam: A Bloody Affair
The Battle of AntietamLee invades MD, hoping to change allegiance and bring European powers into war
McClellan hammers Lee’s troops for a day, Lee retreats
Between the two forces almost 5,000 were dead and over 20,000 wounded/missing
22.4 Antietam: A Bloody Affair
The New Realities of War Improved weapons; rifles and artillery
Medicine not advance; no understanding of bacteria
Disease in war camps
22.5: Gettysburg: A Turning Point
The Emancipation ProclamationLincoln made goal of Civil War abolition
January 1st, 1863 declared slaves freeConfederate states ignored, states in Union with slaves also ignored
22.5: Gettysburg: A Turning Point
The Battle of GettysburgLee invades the NorthGeneral Meade meets Lee in Pennsylvania, 3 day battle
George Pickett charges to attempt to break Union lines, fails
Lee withdraws and fights defensive the rest of the war, 40,000 dead/wounded on both sides
22.5: Gettysburg: A Turning Point
Opposition on Union Home Front Tired of long war, some looking for peace Copperheads: Democrats more interested in restoring
peace than saving Union Lincoln has to keep order in Maryland
The Gettysburg Address “The Great Civil War” “Conceived in liberty and
dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal”
Honor the men who died Everyone must remain devoted to the cause of the Civil
War
22.6: Vicksburg: A Besieged City
AdvancesRailroadTelegraphPhotographsIron-plated ships
22.6: Vicksburg: A Besieged City
Merrimac and MonitorConfederacy put iron plates on wooden ship with powerful ram called the Merrimac (renamed Virginia)
Merrimac attacks wooden ships in the Chesapeake, almost destroys blockade
Union build the Monitor and the two meet and attack
Neither is destroyed; ends wooden ships and changes the navy
22.6: Vicksburg: A Besieged City
Control of the Mississippi Although Union controlled, they could not transport soldiers/supplies safely because of Vicksburg
Siege of Vicksburg Cannons on top of Vicksburg hill could attack ships going down river
For six weeks Union bombards Vicksburg by land and sea
Surrenders July 4th, 1863
22.6: Vicksburg: A Besieged City
Problems on the Confederate Home Front
Blockade=no imported goodsFood scarce, Union often destroyed farmland
Morale slowing failing
22.7 Fort Wagner: African-Americans and the War
54th MassachusettsFirst all black regiment, commanded by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw
Paid less, refused to accept money until pay was equal
Fort Wagner, paved way for African Americans to be used in battle
22.8 Appomattox: Total War Brings an End
Ulysses S. Grant becomes commander of Union Forces in March of 1864
Grant Invades Virginia Grant and Lee meet at the Wilderness, Cold Harbor and Petersburg
Grant suffers huge losses but can reinforce, Lee cannot
Total War: war on enemy’s ability to fight, massive damage to resources
Sherman invades South; captures Atlanta and burns it
22.8 Appomattox: Total War Brings an End
The Reelection of Lincoln Northern Democrats nominate George McClellan
Immediate end to war Sheridan destroys Shenandoah and Sherman capturing Atlanta helps Lincoln
Sherman’s March through Georgia Marches through Georgia to Savannah
Destroy the last untouched supply base in South
Destroys everything useful in 60-mile-wide path
22.8 Appomattox: Total War Brings an End
The War Ends Grant breaks through Petersburg and captures Richmond
April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House
Grant generous with terms
Touched by Fire Slavery and secession had no place in new nation
“The United States are” became “the United States is”
620,000 dead from both sides; billions spent on war
States rights and status of African Americans still an issue
Post War
Lincoln assassinated April 14th, 1865 by John Wilkes Booth
Andrew Johnson becomes president
No Confederate soldiers punished
South must create governments loyal to Union
Begin Reconstruction Era
Chapter Questions
How was the Northern economy helped by the war?
What was the North’s tactic to win the war?
What was the South’s tactic to win the war?
What was the North’s goal in the war?
Why did the North win the war?