Chapter 20 The Imperial Republic
The New Manifest Destiny
Reasons for Imperialism:
Close of the Frontier:
Worry about resources
Need alternative sources abroad
Panic of 1893:
Businessmen looking for new markets overseas
$
Exports:
1870 $395,000,000
1890 $857,000,000
1900 $1,400,000,000
Alfred Thayer Mahan
The Influence of Sea Power upon History
US needs:
*Productive Economy *Foreign Commerce *Strong Merchant Marine *Navy to Protect Trade Routes *Colonies for Raw Materials
Since US bound by two oceans:
*Must become a sea power
*CANAL!!!
Albert Jeremiah Beveridge
Steps to Imperialism
ALASKA
*1867
*William Seward
*$7.2 million
*called Seward’s Folly
•Midway 1867
•Samoa 1878
•Congress stops bid to get:
Virgin IslandsSanto Domingo
*US traders come in 1790
*missionaries follow 1820
*Planters come for sugar and fruits 1835
*1875 Trade agreement
*1887 US gets rights to Pearl Harbor
*Planters becoming economically powerful
Queen Liliuokalani
1893 Planters lead Revolt against Queen
•5% of population
•Get help from Marines
*Treaty of Annexation sent to the Senate by Harrison -
blocked in Senate by Democrats
*Republic of Hawaii declared 1894
*McKinley gets treaty accepted in 1898 – worried about Great Britain
Colony of Spain since Columbus
*Cubans begin revolt in 1868
*new revolt starts in 1895
*Guerrilla war against economy
*US has $50 million invested
General Weyler
“The Butcher”
William Randolph
Hearst
USS Maine
February 15,1898
April 25, 1898
Congress declares WAR!
Teller Amendment-US would not take permanent
control over Cuba
John Hay
Sec. Of State
“A splendid little war”
Spanish-American War
460 killed
5200 die of disease
Problems:
*Raise troops
*Supply troops
*Transport Troops
Admiral George Dewey
Assistant Secretary of the
Navy
Theodore Roosevelt
Battle of Manila Bay
May 1, 1898
Spanish casualties: 381
American casualties:
1 killed
8 wounded
1st US Volunteer Cavalry
Commander Leonard Wood
Rough Riders lead charges up San Juan and Kettle Hills
Spanish fleet destroyed fleeing Santiago Harbor
Spanish surrender July 16
Treaty of Paris 1898
*Cuba independent *Guam & Puerto Rico to US *Philippines to US *US to pay $20 million
Robert Gascoyne Cecil
9th Earl & 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
The Anti-Imperialists
(Goo-Goos)
Charles W. Eliot President of Harvard
Called Lodge & TR degenerated sons of Harvard
Thomas Reed
Speaker of the House
“Czar” Reed
William Jennings
Bryan
Reasons for Anti-Imperialism:
*Against American Ideals*Cost*Lack of Benefits*Large Army & Navy*Race
Imperialists
(Jingoes)
“We don’t want to fight, but by jingo, if we do,
We’ve got the men, we’ve got the ships, we’ve got the money too.”
Popular saying in England 1878
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Theodore Roosevelt
Reasons for Imperialism
*Economic Benefits
*Defense*Altruism*Supremacy*Racism
Bryan tells Democratic Senators to vote for Treaty of Paris
WHY????
Needs new campaign issue for 1900
Election of 1900
*Bryan runs for Democrats
*Makes the Philippines the issue Bryan
Bryan 155 45.5%
McKinley 292 51.7%
Why did Bryan lose?
*Many like Imperialism
*Growing economic prosperity
*Republicans add a personality stronger than Bryan
Cuba
*Army stays until 1902
*Commanded by Leonard Wood
*Builds roads, hospitals, schools
Platt Amendment
*US pressures Cuba to add to their Constitution
-can’t make treaties with other countries
-US gets naval station
- US has right to intervene to preserve independence
- Cuba can’t have debt above ability to pay back
Why is America so concerned about Cuba?
Canal
Why do the Goo Goos lose?•Base too narrow•Not consistent•Look backwards, Jingos forward•Out of touch
Schurz 69 TR 40Hoar 72 Lodge 48Norton 71 Beveridge 36
Philippine War1898-1902
4300 US deaths
50,000 Filipinos
General Arthur
MacArthur
Mac Arthur feels more severe methods needed
Execute prisonersPut people in camps
William Howard Taft names Governor of Philippines
Will get Philippines ready for independence
July 4, 1946
William Howard Taft