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Chapter 20 Section 2 Chapter 20 Section 2 HandoutHandout
Life in the OceansLife in the Oceans
11• What two major factors do marine What two major factors do marine
organisms depend on for their organisms depend on for their survival?survival?– essential nutrients in ocean water and essential nutrients in ocean water and
sunlight.sunlight.
22• Describe the chemistry of the ocean.Describe the chemistry of the ocean.
– a balance of dissolved gases and solids.a balance of dissolved gases and solids.
33• How do marine organisms help How do marine organisms help
maintain the chemical balance of maintain the chemical balance of ocean water?ocean water?– They remove nutrients and gases and They remove nutrients and gases and
return other nutrients and gasses to the return other nutrients and gasses to the ocean.ocean.
44• What are three elements absorbed by What are three elements absorbed by
marine plants?marine plants?– carboncarbon– hydrogenhydrogen– oxygenoxygen– sulfursulfur– nitrogennitrogen– phosphorusphosphorus– siliconsilicon
55• What is one way photosynthetic What is one way photosynthetic
marine plants return oxygen to the marine plants return oxygen to the ocean?ocean?– They remove carbon dioxide and They remove carbon dioxide and
produce oxygen produce oxygen
66• One way nutrients return to the One way nutrients return to the
surface is through a process called surface is through a process called _______._______.– recycling.recycling.
77• How do bacteria help release How do bacteria help release
essential nutrients into the ocean?essential nutrients into the ocean?– They digest the remains of dead They digest the remains of dead
organisms and release nutrients.organisms and release nutrients.
88• Where do organisms in the ocean Where do organisms in the ocean
consume all the elements necessary consume all the elements necessary for life?for life?– near the surface of the oceannear the surface of the ocean
99• What happens to elements necessary What happens to elements necessary
for life when ocean organisms die?for life when ocean organisms die?– sink and decay and released back into sink and decay and released back into
the ocean water.the ocean water.
1010• Where are nutrients stored in the Where are nutrients stored in the
ocean?ocean?– Deep waterDeep water
1111• What must happen to nutrients What must happen to nutrients
stored in deep water before they can stored in deep water before they can be used by most organisms in the be used by most organisms in the ocean?ocean?– they must return to the surface before they must return to the surface before
most organisms can use themmost organisms can use them
1212• What is one way nutrients stored in What is one way nutrients stored in
deep water return to the surface?deep water return to the surface?– upwellingupwelling
1313• What happens when wind blows What happens when wind blows
steadily parallel to a coastline?steadily parallel to a coastline?– Surface water moves farther offshore Surface water moves farther offshore
and is replaced by deep cold water.and is replaced by deep cold water.
1414• In what part of the ocean do most In what part of the ocean do most
marine organisms live?marine organisms live?– The upper 100 meters of waterThe upper 100 meters of water
1515• The mass of mosly microscopic The mass of mosly microscopic
organisms that float or drift freely in organisms that float or drift freely in the waters of aquatic environments the waters of aquatic environments are called _______.are called _______.– planktonplankton
1616• How do plankton form the base of How do plankton form the base of
food webs in the ocean?food webs in the ocean?– Plankton are consumed by small Plankton are consumed by small
organisms which become food for larger organisms which become food for larger organisms.organisms.
1717• Organisms such as dolphins and Organisms such as dolphins and
squid, that swim actively in open squid, that swim actively in open water, are called ________.water, are called ________.– nekton.nekton.
1818• Organisms that live at the bottom of Organisms that live at the bottom of
oceans or bodies of fresh water are oceans or bodies of fresh water are called ________.called ________.– benthos.benthos.
The EndThe End