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CC 604 Semester 5 (Politeknik)
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• Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater).
•Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
Point source Non-point source
- Harmful increase in water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes or ocean waters.- Cause: - dumping hot water from factories and power plants. - removing trees and vegetation that shade streams, permitting sunlight to raise the temperature of these waters-Impact to aquatic life: - Can kill native fish, shellfish and plants. - algae and other plants dead
• Soil erosion is a gradual process that occurs when the impact of water or wind detaches and removes soil particles, causing the soil to deteriorate.
Maintain good soil structure
Protect the soil surface
Use special structural
erosion control
practices -Fiber matting-Mulch matting-Wood
mattingGrass
matting
PROCESS OF “SELF-PURIFICATION” ON RIVER
Dilution – air sungai bertemu & hujan turun – air sungai
bertambah – kepekatan bahan pencemar <.
Sendimentation – air sungai hampir tebing – bahan pencemar
termendap ke dalam tanah atau pasir
Adsorption – bahan pencemar akan tersekat di celah-celah
batu sungai
Phyto-remediation - tumbuhan akuatik serap bahan pencemar -
nitrat & fosfat
Aeration – air sungai terdedah dengan angin – DO
meningkat.
Air bersih
Zon Pencemaran
Zon Penguraian Aktif
Zon Pemulihan
DO
BOD
PROCESS ‘EUTROPHICATION’ IN LAKE
PROCESS EUTROFIKASIProses penuaan tasik : - proses semulajadi pertambahan nutrien dan
peninggian dasar tasik. Kesan eutrofikasi - ?4 fasa tasik;
1. Oligotrofik2. Mesotrofik3. Eutrofik4. Senescent
OLIGOTROFIK – dalam, sejuk, nutrien <, hidupan akuatik <
MESOTROFIK– pemendapan nutrien & kelodak, populasi
tasik >
EUTROFIK– nutrien >, cetek, panas, alga >
SENESCENT – fasa paling tua, sangat cetek, banyak
tumbuhan
Method of eutrophication control aeration
harvest
Control the flow of fertilizer and soil nutrients
Sources of ground water pollution:
Domestic waste Industrial wasteMunicipal landfillPetroleum waste and miningAgricultureSaltwater intrusion
Sources of sea pollution:Domestic and industrial waste
Sludge disposal
Oil spill