Chapter 2 (Student) biology form 4

Biology Teaching and Learning ModuleCELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

CONCEPT MAP

CELL

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Structure, Function and Comparison

Organelles Non organelles

Nucleus Ribosome Chloroplast Vacuole Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Mitochondrion Golgi Apparatus Cell WallReticulum

Cell organization and specialization

2.1 Understanding Cell

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Do You Know Who is Robert Hooke?

Suggestion for experiment:

1. Prepare slide of onion epidermal cell and cells of Hydrilla sp. leaf to study a plant cell structure.

2. Prepare slide of human cheek cells to study an animal cell structure.

3. State the technique that you use in these experiment..

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Tips for you:1. All living organisms are made of cells.2. A cell is a basic unit of life .3. Plant cell differ from animal cell4. Each cell component has specific function


2.1.1 a) By using different pencil colour, draw and match the organelles in a plant cell and in an animal cell below.

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Cell wall

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

Mitochondrion (dark blue)

Chloroplast (Green)

Golgi Apparatus( orange)

Nucleus (red)

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (purple)

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (brown)

Ribosome (black )

Vacuole (yellow)

Vesicles (light blue)

Plant Cell Animal Cell


b) List the organelles which have

i) single layer membrane ii) double layers membrane

c) Identify organelles and non organelles

i) organelles ii) non organelles

d) Complete structures ( organelle / part of cell ) and functions in the table below

Organelle / part of cell

Function

Nucleus

Absorb light for photosynthesis

Ribosome

4


Rough endoplasmic

reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Processing, packaging and transporting phospholipids and glycoprotein

Mitochondrion

Vacuole

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

Cell wall

2.1.2 Complete the similarities and the differences between a plant cell and an animal cell.

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2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

An animal cell A plant cell


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1. does not has a fixed shape 1. has a fixed shaped

1. have nucleus 2.

3.

4.

5 6 7. 8.


2.1.3 Predict organelle which is found in large numbers in each cell shown below. Explain why.

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Organelle :

Explanation :

Sperm cell

Organelle :

Explanation :

Nerve cell


Muscle fibers

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Pancreas cells

Organelle :

Explanation :

Organelle :

Explanation :


2.2 Appreciating the uniqueness of the cell.

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Meristematic cells

Organelle:

Explanation :

Mesophyll palisade cells

Organelle :

Explanation :


2.2.1 State structures which are involve in the process of protein synthesize such as enzyme in the passage below.

Genetic material for a type of enzyme will be synthesize found in __________________. Double Helix

DNA unzip and a RNA chain which carry the genetic code move out from the nucleus to

______________ Protein which has been synthesize by __________________ will be sent to

_____________________________ and transported to ________________________ by

________________ . From __________________ protein which has been modified transported out of

the cell and applied at targeted organs.

Based on the above statement what is the conclusion ?

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2.2.2 a) Observe each electron micrograph below. Identify and label organelles which can be found.

Figure 6 (b)

b) What will happen if the organelles that you identified in figure 6 (a) and 6(b) does not present in the cell and state the effect .

No. Organelle effect of the absent

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Figure 6 (a)


1

2

3

4

5

Exercise

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1. Figure 1 shows the structure of an animal cell which can be observed under an electron microscope. P, Q, R and S are the structures in the cell. X is rod in shape and has 1mm to 2mm lengths

a) Label P, Q, R and S on the diagram.[ 4 marks ]

b) State the function for P, Q, R and S

P:________________________________________________________________________________

Q:________________________________________________________________________________

R:________________________________________________________________________________

S:________________________________________________________________________________

[ 4 marks ]C) (i) Name organelle X.

__________________________________________________________________________________

[ 1 marks ]

(II) The number of organelles X in an animal somatic cell differ from an animal gamete cell. Explain why

________________________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________________

[ 2 marks ]

d) (i) Name organelle Y which is a small particle and state where it is located.

________________________________________________________________________________[ 2 marks ]

(ii) State the function of organelle Y

________________________________________________________________________________

[ 1 marks ]

e) Describe the difference between Q in an animal cell with Q in a plant cell. ______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

[ 1 marks ]

f) What will happen if this animal cell does not has organelle Y.

________________________________________________________________________________ [1 marks ]

CELL ORGANISATION

Complete the table below

Diagram of Amoeba sp.

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No. Component Function1 Nucleus

2 -for movement- surrounds and engulfs the food particle

3 Food vacuoles

4 Contractile vacuole

5 - regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell (only allows small molecules)

Table 1

AMOEBA’S FEEDING

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1Amoeba approaches the food particle4

3 2


Cell Organisation

Analogy of formation cell to tissue

Types of Celll Types of tissue The number of cell types

Cell x Tissue R

Cell y Tissue S

Cell z Tissue T

Table 2

Exercise 1 :

1. Fill in the column with the number of cell type forming the R, S and T tissue2. What observation can be made about tissue?.

(i) R : ______________________________________________________

(ii) S : ______________________________________________________

(iii) T : ______________________________________________________

3. What inference can be made about tissue?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

4. Give examples of tissue R, S and T

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i. ______________________________________________________________

II. ______________________________________________________________

iii. ______________________________________________________________

Exercice 2

Diagram of SKIN

The Skin is an organ Base on diagram, identify the tissues which are involved to form skin.

Tissue : _______________________________________________________________

Explain the importance of tissue specialisation on multicellular animals

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

DRAW A SUITABLE TISSUE DIAGRAM ACCORDING TO THE TABLE BELOW

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18

AN

IMA

L TI

SS

UE

EP

ITH

ELI

UM

TIS

SU

EC

ON

NE

CTI

VE

TIS

SU

E

PE

NG

HU

BU

NG

MU

SCLE

TIS

SUE

OTO

TN

ERV

E TI

SSU

ETYPICAL STRUCTURE

skin Body cavities At alimentary canal

STRUCTURE :

blood Loose fibrous Compact bone

STRUCTURE :

Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle

STRUCTURE

Sensory neuron Interneuron Motor neuron


CELL ORGANISATION IN PLANTS

Assignment :

1. . Name the types of cells that form the vascular tissue on the plant bulk.

2. Referring to the diagram, explain about the function of each tissue.

Parenchyma tissue_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Sclerenchyma tissue_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________

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Vascular tissue

xylem tissue_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________.

phloem tissue_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________.

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Chapter 2 (Student) biology form 4