Upload
barrie-dalton
View
216
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chapter 2 Sections 4Preventing Fitness Injuries
Biomechanics
•The study and the application of principles of physics to human motion.
•Understanding biomechanics can help you avoid fitness-related injury or soreness.
•The laws of biomechanics dictate that when you jog slowly, your foot strikes with a force that is 3 to 5 times your body weight.
Correct Jogging Form• Head up• Arms, shoulders, and neck
relaxed• Elbows flexed around 90º• Arms swing forward/back not
side/side• Heel strikes ground first• Push off the ball of your foot• Do not pound noisily• Develop a smooth, even stride
that feels natural to you255
Common Fitness Injuries & Treatment•Skin Injuries
▫Blisters – caused by excessive friction Common when you first start conditioning Prevented by gradually breaking in shoes and
wearing socks that fit well•Muscle Injuries
▫Muscles cramp – painful spasms that occur during activity Associated with dehydration or mineral
imbalance Common cramp in sides of abdomen = side stitch Apply moist heat to affected area to treat
Common Fitness Injuries & Treatment •Connective Tissue Injuries
▫Tendons – bands that connect muscles to bones Shin Splints
▫Ligaments – bands that connect bone to bone and limit the movement of joints A pull or rip in muscle or tendon = Strain A tear = Sprain
▫Cartilage – tissue that prevents bones from rubbing together
Treatment for Connective Tissue Injuries•RICE
▫R – Rest the injured area▫I – Ice the area ▫C – Compress the area by wrapping it with
elastic bandage▫E – Elevate or raise the body part
Injuries to Bones
•Stress Fractures▫A break in the bone caused by overuse▫Pain above and below the crack in the bone▫Tender to touch▫Over time the fracture will worsen (4 to 6
weeks)▫May not be detected on x-ray
Preventing Injuries
•Include proper warm-up and cool-down•Progress slowly, but steadily•Wear appropriate shoes and clothing•Limit jogging on hard surfaces•Use correct jogging form•When jogging/walking always FACE
oncoming traffic•Postpone activity when you feel sore or
fatigued
Chapter 2 Section 5Avoiding Harmful Substances
Tobacco – CNS Stimulant
•Smokers are 3 to 5 times more likely than nonsmokers to experience shortness of breath during exercise
•Smokers are prone to more coughs/lung infections, which can hamper a daily routine
•Long-term use of tobacco can lead to elevated heart rate and blood pressure
Alcohol – CNS Depressant
•Long term drinking increases the risk for high blood pressure, heart rhythm disorders, heart muscle disorders, and stroke.
•It is also associated with many cancers and liver disease.
•In teens, alcohol can interfere with growth & development.
Anabolic Steroids•Non-medical steroids are illegal and
dangerous•Taken as pills or injections•Effects
▫Males – lower sperm count, increased risk of prostate/testicular cancer, larger breasts
▫Females – infertility, deeper voice, more facial hair, smaller breasts
▫Both males/females – hair loss, acne, sleep problems, upset stomach, rapid weight gain, difficulty urinating, erratic mood swings “roid rage” can result in violence
Chapter 3 Section 1Health–Related and Skill-Related Fitness
Health-Related Fitness• 5 Components of Fitness
▫Body Composition – relative percentage of body fat to lean muscle mass
▫Cardiovascular Fitness – ability of heart and lungs to work together for extended period of time
▫Muscular Strength – maximum amount of force a muscle can exert
▫Muscular Endurance – ability of muscle to exert a force over an extended period of time
▫Flexibility – ability to move a body part through its full range of motion
Presidential Fitness Testing
•Body Composition = Height/Weight = BMI
•Cardiovascular Fitness = One mile run•Muscular Strength – Pull-ups/flexed arm
hang•Muscular Endurance – Sit-ups•Flexibility – Sit and reach
Skill-Related Fitness
•6 components or measures▫Agility – ability to change direction ▫Balance – ability to stabilize the body▫Coordination – ability to use the senses to
direct movement of the limbs▫Speed – ability to move swiftly▫Power – ability to apply maximum force of
muscle▫Reaction time – ability to react/respond
quickly
Skill-Related Fitness Tests
•Agility – Cone Drill•Balance – One foot stand test•Coordination – Foot/ball volley•Power – Standing long jump•Speed – 50 yard dash•Reaction – Yardstick drop