Chapter 2 Section 1Chapter 2 Section 1

Spain Claims an EmpireSpain Claims an Empire

The Age of DiscoveryThe Age of Discovery

The Renaissance encouraged people to The Renaissance encouraged people to explore their world and as a result started explore their world and as a result started the Age of Discoverythe Age of Discovery– European Explorers especially from Spain and European Explorers especially from Spain and

Portugal began to explore the oceans Portugal began to explore the oceans searching for routes to India and China to get searching for routes to India and China to get a piece of the Spice and Silk trade that Italy a piece of the Spice and Silk trade that Italy had controlled for over a hundred years.had controlled for over a hundred years.

Prince Henry the Navigator of Prince Henry the Navigator of PortugalPortugal

Began a school for Navigation in the 1400sBegan a school for Navigation in the 1400s His school developed a new ship the caravel that could His school developed a new ship the caravel that could

travel farther and faster the ships built before it.travel farther and faster the ships built before it. These explorers sailed down the coast of Africa looking These explorers sailed down the coast of Africa looking

for that route and established trade with African for that route and established trade with African kingdoms as they searched.kingdoms as they searched.– This begins the African Slave Trade.This begins the African Slave Trade.

In 1488 a Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias sailed In 1488 a Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias sailed to the southern tip of Africa and named it the Cape of to the southern tip of Africa and named it the Cape of Good Hope.Good Hope.

In 1498 Vasco da Gama followed Dias’s route around In 1498 Vasco da Gama followed Dias’s route around the Cape into the Indian ocean and established trade the Cape into the Indian ocean and established trade with India giving Portugal control of the Spice trade.with India giving Portugal control of the Spice trade.

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus Was an Italian navigatorWas an Italian navigator He convinced Spain’s rulers King Ferdinand and Queen He convinced Spain’s rulers King Ferdinand and Queen

Isabella that he could sail West and reach Asia faster Isabella that he could sail West and reach Asia faster than the Portuguese.than the Portuguese.– They wanted to share in the rich Asian Spice TradeThey wanted to share in the rich Asian Spice Trade– Claim New Lands Claim New Lands – Spread ChristianitySpread Christianity

Columbus left Spain August 3Columbus left Spain August 3rdrd, 1492, 1492 His crew was near mutiny as they had not spotted land His crew was near mutiny as they had not spotted land

for over a month but on October 10, 1492 that sighted for over a month but on October 10, 1492 that sighted an island (San Salvador) in the Caribbean Sea.an island (San Salvador) in the Caribbean Sea.– Claiming it and other islands for SpainClaiming it and other islands for Spain– Over the next 12 years Columbus sails to the (New Over the next 12 years Columbus sails to the (New

World 4 times never realizing he sailed to 2 World 4 times never realizing he sailed to 2 continents not known to Europeans.continents not known to Europeans.

Columbus believe he had reached AsiaColumbus believe he had reached Asia Columbus underestimated the distance Columbus underestimated the distance

around the globe.around the globe.– He believe the Earth to be smaller than it wasHe believe the Earth to be smaller than it was

He used inaccurate writings form others He used inaccurate writings form others to make his calculations (Ptolemy) to make his calculations (Ptolemy)

Columbus also believed that Asia was Columbus also believed that Asia was larger than it waslarger than it was

Columbus found some gold and pearls Columbus found some gold and pearls leading him to believe he was in India leading him to believe he was in India (Asia)(Asia)

Columbus lands on North AmericaColumbus lands on North America

Treaty of Tordesillas Treaty of Tordesillas In 1493 Pope Alexander VI drew an imaginary In 1493 Pope Alexander VI drew an imaginary

line around the world to decide who would line around the world to decide who would control the lands that sailors were exploring. control the lands that sailors were exploring. The Line of DemarcationThe Line of Demarcation

In 1494 Portugal was unhappy and believe the In 1494 Portugal was unhappy and believe the line favored Spain. line favored Spain.

The Treaty moved the line 800 miles The Treaty moved the line 800 miles farther west Dividing the Land between farther west Dividing the Land between Spain and Portugal.Spain and Portugal.– Gave Portugal what is today BrazilGave Portugal what is today Brazil

This agreement led to an increase in Spanish This agreement led to an increase in Spanish and Portuguese voyages of explorationand Portuguese voyages of exploration

Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci He was an Italian sailor who set out in He was an Italian sailor who set out in

1501 to find a sea route to Asia.1501 to find a sea route to Asia. Vespucci realized that the land he saw on Vespucci realized that the land he saw on

this voyage was not Asia. this voyage was not Asia. A German mapmaker named the A German mapmaker named the

continent America after himcontinent America after him The wide spread use of the Printing Press The wide spread use of the Printing Press

gave Vespucci more credit than gave Vespucci more credit than Columbus Columbus

Columbus would not believe he had been Columbus would not believe he had been to a new continent and not Asiato a new continent and not Asia

Other explorers and Conquistadors Other explorers and Conquistadors

Spaniard Vasco Nunez de Balboa was the first Spaniard Vasco Nunez de Balboa was the first to European to see the Pacific Ocean in 1510to European to see the Pacific Ocean in 1510

Portuguese Caption Ferdinand Megellan’s Portuguese Caption Ferdinand Megellan’s crew was the first to sail around the world in crew was the first to sail around the world in 15191519

Spaniard Ponce de Leon 1Spaniard Ponce de Leon 1stst European to see European to see what is the United States when he explored what is the United States when he explored Florida looking for the Fountain of YouthFlorida looking for the Fountain of Youth

Coronado, Cabrillo and De Soto explored what Coronado, Cabrillo and De Soto explored what is now the United States searching for the 7 is now the United States searching for the 7 Cities of GoldCities of Gold

Balboa

Coronado

Ponce de Leon

The defeat of the Aztec EmpireThe defeat of the Aztec Empire Hernando CortesHernando Cortes The Aztec king Montezuma feared that Cortes was The Aztec king Montezuma feared that Cortes was

an Aztec god sent to reclaim the thronean Aztec god sent to reclaim the throne The Spaniards formed pacts or treaties (alliances) The Spaniards formed pacts or treaties (alliances)

with native people who hated Aztec rulewith native people who hated Aztec rule The Aztecs were weakened by an outbreak of The Aztecs were weakened by an outbreak of

smallpox that devastated their population.smallpox that devastated their population. The Spanish had more advanced weapons and The Spanish had more advanced weapons and

technology.technology. The Spanish had the horse.The Spanish had the horse.

The fall of the IncaThe fall of the Inca Spaniard Francisco Pizarro and 180 men Spaniard Francisco Pizarro and 180 men

defeated the Inca a society of 10 milliondefeated the Inca a society of 10 million The Spanish Inca empires by making alliances The Spanish Inca empires by making alliances

with their enemieswith their enemies The spread of European diseases killed millions The spread of European diseases killed millions

of Incasof Incas The Spanish acted brutally toward the Inca The Spanish acted brutally toward the Inca

under their control. under their control. Pizarro killed the leaders of the empire to Pizarro killed the leaders of the empire to

disorganize resistance.disorganize resistance. Pizarro had advanced weapons and the horse.Pizarro had advanced weapons and the horse.

Mercantilism and the way European nations Mercantilism and the way European nations used it.used it.

Mercantilism is an economic system where Mercantilism is an economic system where countries gain power and security by having countries gain power and security by having colonies. or a favorable trade balancecolonies. or a favorable trade balance

European nations enriched their treasuries European nations enriched their treasuries by using the products they collected from by using the products they collected from their colonies such as crops, gold, and silver their colonies such as crops, gold, and silver that could be sold to help the home country.that could be sold to help the home country.

This also gave the home country a market to This also gave the home country a market to sell its finished goods.sell its finished goods.