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Chapter 2 Sec 3 Planned Cities on the Indus Rivermisscaspersclassroom.weebly.com/uploads/4/5/5/1/45514493/china… · Geography of China • The Huang He River is more than 2900 miles

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Page 1: Chapter 2 Sec 3 Planned Cities on the Indus Rivermisscaspersclassroom.weebly.com/uploads/4/5/5/1/45514493/china… · Geography of China • The Huang He River is more than 2900 miles
Page 2: Chapter 2 Sec 3 Planned Cities on the Indus Rivermisscaspersclassroom.weebly.com/uploads/4/5/5/1/45514493/china… · Geography of China • The Huang He River is more than 2900 miles

Warmup

• Take a guess: how many Chinese characters there are in the modern-day language?

• 50,000!

• Altogether there are over 50,000 characters, though a comprehensive modern dictionary will rarely list over 20,000 in use. An educated Chinese person will know about 8,000 characters, but you will only need about 2-3,000 to be able to read a newspaper.

Page 3: Chapter 2 Sec 3 Planned Cities on the Indus Rivermisscaspersclassroom.weebly.com/uploads/4/5/5/1/45514493/china… · Geography of China • The Huang He River is more than 2900 miles

Geography of China

• The Huang He River is more than 2900 miles long.• It flows across Central China and empties

into Yellow Sea

• 12 percent of the total land is suitable for farming.

• Much of China is mountainous and contains deserts.

• The mountains and desert acted as barriers, separating the Chinese from the rest of the Asia

• China is isolated because of natural barriers

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Huang He River• Referred to as “China’s

Sorrows” because floods, caused by the loess-clogged river, destroyed crops and led to mass starvation

• Provided a source of water for cities

• Linked cities within dynastic region

• Flooding in China deposited rich soil for farming

Page 5: Chapter 2 Sec 3 Planned Cities on the Indus Rivermisscaspersclassroom.weebly.com/uploads/4/5/5/1/45514493/china… · Geography of China • The Huang He River is more than 2900 miles

Ancient China

• Dynasty – A series of rulers from a single family.

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Origins of Chinese Culture

• Family and Society

• Chief loyalty throughout life was to the family, then to the King, then to the country.

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Origins of Chinese Culture

• Religious Beliefs• Ancestral Worship –

to show respect and honor of the family

• They believed their ancestors had the power to bring good/bad fortune to living family members

• Oracle Bones – used to communicate with the gods

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Origins of Chinese Culture

• Calligraphy• Each character represents

one idea rather than a letter.

• Literate – 1,000 characters

• Educated – 10,000 characters

• Difficult to learn because so many characters

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Art as a Societal Reflection• During the Shang and

Zhou dynasties, bronze statues, textiles, and lacquerware were highly regulated by the royal court

• The court could choose to allow you to work on your artwork

• Or not!

Bronze statue

Lacquer bowlSilk clothing

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Art as a Societal Reflection• During the Han dynasty, a

landowning and merchant class appeared and grew

• Those people started having “leisure time” to paint, draw, create poetry & learn calligraphy

• Professional artists versus common people became a class distinction

Calligraphy

Paintings

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Art as a Social Reflection• Religion, especially

Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism, became very influential in artwork

• Buddhist artwork showed a lot of peace, nature, and of course Buddha

• Daoism was very influenced by the natural flow of life

• Confucianism stressed filial piety in its artwork

Buddha

Landscape

Loyalty to the emperor

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Chinese Government• Mandate of

Heaven

• In China, it is divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority.

• God-given right to rule

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Chinese Government• Dynastic Cycle

• The historical pattern of the rise, decline and replacement of ruling dynasties.

• Dynastic Cycle=Mandate of Heaven

• Example: Zhou dynasty overthrew the Shang Dynasty claiming that the gods had given them the Mandate of Heaven

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GREAT WALL OF CHINA

• Shi Huangdi forced poor people to build it

• Built for protection from barbarians (Mongolian ancestors of Genghis Khan)

• Great Wall of China

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Page 17: Chapter 2 Sec 3 Planned Cities on the Indus Rivermisscaspersclassroom.weebly.com/uploads/4/5/5/1/45514493/china… · Geography of China • The Huang He River is more than 2900 miles

Zhou Dynasty• Kings ruled China

from 1027 BC to 256 BC

• Did not follow Chinese values of social order, harmony, and respect for authority

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Confucius 551-479 BC

• China’s most influential scholar

• Wanted to restore China’s ancient values of conformity and respect

• Confucianism became the foundation for the Chinese government and social order

• Bureaucracy – civil service exam to see who can get governments jobs

• Education became very important in order to get better jobs

• The teachings of Confucius had a philosophical impact on China giving the Scholars a higher social status

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Confucius• Believed social order, harmony, and good government

could be restored in China if society was organized around five basic relationships.

1. Ruler and Subject

2. Father and Son

-Filial Piety – respect for parents/elders

3. Husband and Wife

4. Older Brother and Younger Brother

5. Friend and Friend

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Yin and Yang

• Two powers that represented the natural rhythms of life

• Yin = feminine

• Yang = masculine

• Both complement/complete each other

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Qin Dynasty• Replaced Zhou Dynasty

• Conquered the other Chinese states through complete annihilation

• War used to be “a gentleman’s affair”

• Shi Huangdi – First Chinese Emperor

• Began rule at age 13

• Employed Legalist ideas

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Qin Dynasty

• Highly efficient and powerful government that crushed opponents

• Burned books by Confucius and other people who disagreed with the Emperor

• Established an autocracy

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Autocracy• A government in which the

ruler has unlimited power

• Dictatorship/monarchy

• Totalitarianism

How does the cartoon represent an autocracy?

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Qin Dynasty• Set uniform standards for writing, law, currency, and

measures

• Forced peasants to build over 4,000 miles worth of roads

• Irrigation systems helped improve farm production

• Used forced labor to build the Great Wall of China to prevent invaders (Mongol descendants of Genghis Khan) from entering China

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Great Wall of China• Built by peasants who were forced to work or face death

• Around 1 million died

• 1,400 miles long and 20-25 ft. high

• CANNOT SEE THIS FROM SPACE WITH THE NAKEDEYE!

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Censorship Debate

• Each group will read an online article https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/chinas-scary-lesson-to-the-world-censoring-the-internet-works/2016/05/23/413afe78-fff3-11e5-8bb1-f124a43f84dc_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.8c15d01c137e

• At your tables, please answer the following questions:

• 1) What are the positive aspects of Chinese censorship? What are some negative aspects?

• 2) Would extreme Internet censorship work here in the USA?

• 3) What are some ways that you know of that the school/state/federal government/new outlets/etc. censor you?

• 4) What are your thoughts on censorship in general? Does everyone have the right to free speech?