Chapter 2 Safety and the Training Function Safety and the
Training Function
Slide 2
The Safety Challenge Casualties Can occur anytime emergency
service personnel are engaged in any activity Instructor challenge
Provide realistic training that is similar to actual emergencies
Provide maximum amount of safety during the exercise
Slide 3
The Safety Challenge Training casualties Statistics Training
injuries continue to increase Heart attacks Traumatic injuries 10%
of all annual LODD Instructor has full control Location Fire load
Equipment
Slide 4
The Safety Challenge Casualty prevention Casualties can be
reduced Policies and procedures Use currently accepted standards
for training Incorporating safety Safety standards should be
followed at all times Train to recognize changing conditions
Impending danger Smoke changes
Slide 5
The Safety Challenge Casualty prevention NFPA 1403, Standard on
Live Fire Training Evolutions Instructors must be familiar with the
requirements of this standard Safety requirements must be enforced
Instructor in charge Designated incident safety officer
Organizations administration
Slide 6
The Safety Challenge Casualty prevention NFPA standards
Risk-management plan Identify risks Includes all job-related
activities
Slide 7
The Safety Challenge Casualty prevention Administrative
responsibilities Provide adequate PPE Ensure all equipment is
maintained Ensure all safety equipment is maintained Provide
policies and procedures for safe use of equipment Address fitness,
health, and wellness
Slide 8
The Instructors Role Provide and require the use of approved
PPE Provide training in safety topics and practices Teach the
safest methods for accomplishing skills and tasks Adhere to safety
regulations and standards both in training and emergency situations
Establish and adhere to the NIMS Use a personnel accountability
system
Slide 9
The Instructors Role Investigate, analyze, and correct unsafe
activities and behaviors Establish safety policies and procedures
Establish and use appropriate rehabilitation based on NFPA 1584
Conduct a brief safety critique at the end of every training drill
Provide students with a positive, proactive safety role model
Slide 10
The Instructors Role Safe training environment For instructors
and students Classrooms Props Permanent and mobile facilities
Remote sites Acquired structures and facilities
Slide 11
The Instructors Role Planning safe training scenarios Involves
two analysis processes Task analysis Determines the tasks emergency
responders perform at emergency scene Hazard/risk analysis
Determines the potential safety threats that may be encountered
during training operations
Slide 12
The Instructors Role Inspecting and repairing facilities and
props Inspection time schedule Industry practice Manufacturers
recommendations Local needs Should also occur before any training
course or scenario
Slide 13
The Instructors Role Monitoring training activities Instructors
must continually monitor training activities Conditions during
training can change rapidly and unexpectedly ISO is required during
high-hazard training evolutions
Slide 14
The Instructors Role Monitoring training activities Watch for
the following safety concerns Symptoms of physical and
psychological stress Changes in weather conditions Unusual fire
behavior Failure of PPE or respiratory protection equipment Audible
alarms from personnel (PASS devices) Loss of water pressure or
volume from supply hoses
Slide 15
The Instructors Role Instructor incident safety officer duties
Outlined in NFPA 1521 Mandated in NFPA 1500 All instructors should
meet the JPRs for 1521 NFPA 1521 requires that the person filling
the position of ISO should also meet the requirements of fire
officer I
Slide 16
The Instructors Role Instructor incident safety officer duties
Level I Instructor basic requirements Fire behavior (dynamics)
Building construction Organizations personnel accountability system
Emergency scene rehabilitation
Slide 17
The Instructors Role Instructor incident safety officer duties
Monitors the scene for unsafe conditions / actions Have authority
to alter, suspend, or terminate any unsafe actions Immediately
notify IC All other actions are done through the chain of
command
Slide 18
The Instructors Role Instructor incident safety officer duties
Ensure that the incident scene rehabilitation is established
Monitor the scene and report the status of conditions, hazards and
risks to IC Ensure that all personnel understand the IAP Provide
the IC with a risk assessment of the IAP Designate safety zones,
collapse zones, danger or hot zones
Slide 19
The Instructors Role Instructor incident safety officer duties
Evaluate motor vehicle traffic hazards Monitor radio transmissions
to ensure proper and effective communications Identify the need for
additional assistant ISOs Evaluate hazards associated with
helicopter landings
Slide 20
The Instructors Role Instructor as safety role model When
safety is emphasized and learned in training It tends to be
remembered and practiced during calls The instructor is the primary
role model Demonstrate Reinforce
Slide 21
The Instructors Role Reinforcing safety Safety must continually
be emphasized Instructors influence the students When planning
practical training evolutions Instructors look for potential
hazards and eliminate them When conducting practical training
evolutions Instructors must act as a ISO or appoint one
Slide 22
The Instructors Role Implementing safety plans Part of the risk
management plan All organizations must establish safety policies
What signals are given when an accident occurs? What to do when the
signal is given? What steps to take to help the injured person?
Whether training stops or proceeds?
Slide 23
Accident Prevention and Management Accident prevention The
first step in safe training Loss of personnel Property Money
Time
Slide 24
Accident Prevention and Management Accident management The
second step for creating a safe training environment Identifying
accident factors Investigating accidents that do occur Analyzing
accidents that occurred Causes Trends
Slide 25
Accident Prevention and Management Prevention Accidents are
usually the result of unsafe acts Unaware or uninformed of
potential hazards Ignorance of safety policies Failure to follow
safety procedures The majority of accidents are predictable and
preventable
Slide 26
Accident Prevention and Management Accident prevention steps
Plan carefully for training scenariosEnsure that appropriate
personnel superviseInform students of safety policies and potential
hazardsInspect all equipment before starting training
sessionsAssign an ISO to each training session
Slide 27
Accident Prevention and Management Management During the
accident Instructors must be able to manage the situation Advanced
preparation Be aware of the factors that may result in an accident
Post accident Instructors must be trained in the techniques of
accident investigation and analysis
Slide 28
Accident Prevention and Management Factors that can lead to
accident Management Oversight / Omission / Mismanagement Management
Oversight / Omission / Mismanagement Situation Facilities / Tools /
Equipment in disrepair Situation Facilities / Tools / Equipment in
disrepair Environment Noise / Vibration / Temperature Extremes
Environment Noise / Vibration / Temperature Extremes Human
Ignorance or Innocence Human Ignorance or Innocence Improper
Attitude Irresponsible / Uncooperative / Jealous Improper Attitude
Irresponsible / Uncooperative / Jealous Lack of Knowledge or Skill
Experience in Requisite Knowledge Lack of Knowledge or Skill
Experience in Requisite Knowledge Physical Limitations Medical
Conditions / Physical Ability Physical Limitations Medical
Conditions / Physical Ability
Slide 29
Accident Prevention and Management Accident Investigations
Accidents usually occur through a logical and predictable sequence
of events Investigations should be fact-finding but not
faultfinding procedures
Slide 30
Accident Prevention and Management Accident Investigations
Objective driven Free of personal feelings
Slide 31
Accident Prevention and Management The purpose of the
investigation Avoid loss of human resources and equipment Ensure
cost-effectiveness Improve morale Determine the change or deviation
of the cause
Slide 32
Accident Prevention and Management The purpose of the
investigation Determine hazardous conditions Direct the attention
of the administration to the causes of accidents Examine facts as
though they have a legal bearing on accident cases
Slide 33
Accident Prevention and Management Analyzing the accident
investigation Used to determine causes and make recommendations
Prevent future accidents Includes reviewing current and past
records
Slide 34
Accident Prevention and Management Risk Management and Accident
Investigations High LowHighSeverity Frequency Area of Highest
Priority Area of Lowest Priority
Slide 35
Accident Prevention and Management Mitigation Activities Driver
/ Operator Education Health and Fitness PASS Devices Incident
Action Plans Rapid Intervention Teams Respiratory Protection
Program
Slide 36
Resources: Safety Guidelines, Regulations, and Information
Resources: Safety Guidelines, Regulations, and Information Lesson
Plan Development Instructors must find reliable, accurate, and
current information Federal government agencies State and local
government occupational safety and health agencies
Standards-writing organizations National Fire Protection
Agency