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Question One
What was essential to Europeans’ “expansionist
impulse” beginning in the 15th century?
The new concentration of power that was
developed, which was when monarchs began to
assert their political authority over feudal lords
and unify their realms.
Question Two
What was Columbus searching for when
he left Europe?
When Columbus left Europe he was on a quest
for a water route that would allow European
traders travel and sell their goods without paying
tribute to the Middle Eastern middlemen.
Question TwoA
What did Columbus’ 4 voyages set in motion?
Columbus’ four voyages set up a large mix of
populations from different parts of the world. In
addition, the voyages shifted the commercial center of
gravity that was centered in Europe and stretches it
over to the Mediterranean to the Atlantic. Therefore,
seeds were located in the first global empire.
Question TwoB
What compelled others to follow him?
Others were compelled to follow Columbus, because he
was an archetypical figure of the European expansion.
He was full of knowledge, and was always looking for
adventure. Maybe, it was because his personality
brought others to follow his example, but it was
probably his discovery of gold on Hispaniola in 1493.
Without certain metals, the discovery of this accident
would have stayed as an obstacle.
Question Three
“By the end of the 16th century the Spanish had __________?
The Spanish had conquered the major centers of
native population and they established a
transatlantic trade, and carried African slaves to
colonies. The Spanish people kept watch on the
extraction of gold and silver in quantities from lands
under their domination. Sugar production claimed
the labor of 25,000 Portuguese and about the same
number of African slaves in Brazil.
Question ThreeA
What goal, other than gold and silver acquisition,
did the European states seek to accomplish in the
“New World”?
Europeans did strive for gold and silver acquisition,
but Europeans also strived for religious goals. There
were battles over which religion –Protestantism or
Catholicism- would be dominant in the new
European nation-states.
Question ThreeB
Protestantism and Catholicism, codes of living,
can be explained as ways of ____________, not
unlike today’s socialism, communism, or
democracy.
Protestantism and Catholicism, codes of living, can
be explained as ways of ordering and imparting, not
unlike today’s socialism, communism, or
democracy.
Question Four Discuss in detail the Colombian Exchange.
The Columbian Exchange was the exchange that
started when the Europeans came to the Americas.
They brought with them diseases and illnesses.
They also brought plants, fruits, grains, and
livestock. All of these things were new to the
Americas and they adapted to the unknown
environment. The Europeans also brought back
something from the Americas. Not only did they
bring disease, but they also brought back new foods
and animals.
Question Five
What nation was the most backward
where exploration was concerned?
England was the most backward nations when
exploration was involved. John Cabot’s voyages
were the only reason why England has some
type of title to certain place in the New World.
Question FiveA
Why did this nation want to establish new
colonies?
England wanted to establish new colonies
because to them, colonies provided markets,
sources of raw materials, and, if they had gold
and silver, the total supply of specie are added
while the strength of nations were measured.
Question FiveB
What social conflict propelled citizens of
England toward colonization?
The social conflict that brought the citizens
toward colonization was the religious status,
which was centered in-between Protestantism
and Catholicism. This was a struggle, because
many people switched back and forth to
different religions.
Question FiveC
What two major nations were already established in the “New World”?
The two Iberian powers (Spain
and Portugal).
Question Six
Describe early Spanish interaction with Native Americans along the East coast.
The Spanish put small, fragile settlements on
the southeastern coast, and took part in minor
trade with the Indians of the region. Their
many attempts to bring the entire Gulf region
under Spanish control failed.
Question SixA
What element was more powerful than swords and guns in the establishment of the Spanish?
Disease was more powerful than
swords and guns.
Question SixB
What was the primary difference between the
Spanish settlement along the east coast and in
the New Mexico region in the southwest?
Spanish settlements along the East coast looked
to control the Gulf region, and minor trade but
failed. Spanish settlements near New Mexico
were involved in missionary activity.
Question SixC
What happened to alter the acceptance of the
Spanish priests and their religion in the 1670s?
Spanish priest began to restrict Pueblo activity. They did
this by forbidding Native dancing, destroying masks and
prayer sticks, and imprisoning and flogging pueblo priests
and medicine men.
Question SixD
What decimated the Indian population of Southern California?
Sickness decimated the Indian
population in southern California.
Question Seven
What was more valuable to the French
than the fishing industry established
along the far northeastern coast?
The skins of fur-bearing animals or fur trade
became more valuable than the fishing
industry.
Question SevenA
What was the major difference between
the interaction of the French and the
Indians and the Spanish and Indians that
became official French law?
Indians were more interactive with the French
than with the Spanish.
Question SevenB
What policy led to a greater degree of
cultural blending in New France than in
New England?
The French policy led to a greater degree of
cultural blending in New France than in New
England.
Question SevenC
What event demonstrated the decline in
French and Indian relationship? Explain.
Although Catholicism and French values helped
shape the relationship with Indian societies,
economic and demographic factors were
sometimes more important. This is amply
demonstrated by French relations with the
Natchez of the lower Mississippi region.
Question Eight
How would the Indians’ long experience
with the Spanish and French…affect the
native disposition toward the English?
The English would build their forts facing the
sea, to fend off Spanish attacks, rather than
facing inland where the Indian danger lay.
Question EightA
Why did the English have a favorable
image of the peoples of the “New World”?
They hoped that trade with native peoples
would become a major source of profit on the
other side of the Atlantic.
Question EightB
What was the opposing view of Indians
and why?
They pictured a savage, hostile, beastlike
person and even a people cursed by God
because they were descended from ancient
Israelites.
Question EightC
Why did English believe they had a right to
the land of the “New World”?
The English believed they could presumably lay
waste the country they were entering. It was
suggested that the English were fully capable of
every cruelty contrived by the Spanish.
Question EightD
Which image was most profitable
for the English?
At times, the English tended to see the
native as a backward, but receptive
person with whom amicable and
profitable relations must be
established.