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Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds. MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended structures. What we’ll cover…. Compound Formulas Ions Monatomic Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Molecular Compounds - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds
MACROSCOPIC SCALEElements combine to make compounds.
ATOMIC SCALEAtoms combine to make molecules, or
extended structures.
What we’ll cover…• Compound Formulas• Ions
– Monatomic– Polyatomic
• Ionic Compounds• Molecular Compounds• Other types of extended Structures
Compound Formulas
Examples:NaCl
CH3OH
(NH4)2SO4
Three Types of Compounds
Molecular Covalent Extended Covalent
Ionic
Types of Formulas
IONS
CationsFormed by losing
electrons.Have a positive
charge.Formed mainly
from metals.
IONS
CationsFormed by losing
electrons.Have a positive
charge.Formed mainly
from metals.
AnionsFormed by
gaining electrons.
Have a negative charge.
Formed mainly from nonmetals.
Monatomic Ions- Formed from single atoms
Naming IONS
CationsName of element + “ion”Na+ = sodium ionMg2+ = magnesium ion
Naming IONS
CationsName of element + “ion”Na+ = sodium ionMg2+ = magnesium ion
AnionsName of element with
–ide ending + “ion”Cl- = chloride ionO2- = oxide ion
Polyatomic Ions you need to know
Ionic Compound Formulas
Total cation charge = Total anion charge
Ex: Na+ and Cl- make ________
Ionic Compound Formulas
Total cation charge = Total anion charge
Ex: Na+ and Cl- make NaClMg2+ and Cl- make ________
Ionic Compound Formulas
Total cation charge = Total anion charge
Ex: Na+ and Cl- make NaClMg2+ and Cl- make MgCl2
NH4+ and SO4
2- make _________
Naming Ionic Compounds
Name = cation name + anion name
Ex:NaCl =NH4Br =
Molecular Compounds
Nonmetal + nonmetal gives molecular compound
Ex: C + O
S + O
C + H
Aside on gas prices…
Crude oil
Propane
Butane
Jet Fuel
Gasoline
Diesel/Heating
Longer molecules(asphalt/tar)
Predicting Molecular Compound Formulas
Naming Molecular Compounds
Binary Compounds form between 2 elements
Naming Molecular Compounds
Binary Compounds form with 2 elements
Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion.
Naming Molecular Compounds
Binary Compounds form with 2 elements
Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion.
Use prefixes to indicate numbers:2 = di3 = tri4 = tetra5 = penta
Network Solids
• Held together like a molecule• Large and extended