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7/29/2019 Chapter 2 - Lubrication (Added)
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Lubrication System Types
SplashPressure Fed or Force
FeedCombination PressureFed and Splash
Gasoline Oil Premix
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Lubricating System Parts
Oil panOil pump
Pick-up screenPressure regulator Oil filter By-pass valveOil galleriesDipstickPressure indicator
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Oil Pan
Storage reservoir for motor oil.
Holds 3 to 6 quarts with4 as most average.Plug on bottom to drain.
Pick-up screen sucks oilup from oil pump.
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Oil PumpsGear typesRotor Gerotor type All oil pumps use a pick-up screen in the pan and a pressure regulator.
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Oil Filters
Micro-porous paper filters used to screen out
particles.Most filters of thecartridge type.
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Oil Filter Systems
Remove harmful materials
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Bypass SystemsPart of oil to filter > panPart to bearings
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Shunt Filter SystemsSome oil through filter > bearingsSome directly to bearings
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Full Flow Filter Systems All oil goes throughfilter
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Oil Level and Pressure Indicators
Dipstick the mostsimple
Some enginesequipped with anelectrical levelindicator.Oil pressure
indicator lampOil pressure gauge(electrical or mechanical)
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A.P.I. Ratings
SA Straight mineral oil no additives.SB 1930s motor oil with some detergent. SC 1950s oil more additives.
SD 1960s enter multi-viscosity oils.SE 1970s emission controls make heat is problem. SF 1980s improves fuel economy.
SG Late 1980s wider viscosity ranges. SH 1990s great stuff. SJ Late 1990sSL 200?s SM Current
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Selecting Motor Oil
Pick proper viscosity asrecommended by
manufacturer.Pick proper servicerating as recommendedby the manufacturer.
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Automatic Transmission Fluid
(ATF)Has red color to identifyit from motor oil.
Several kinds:Dexron/MerconType FA
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Gear Lube
Used in manualtransmissions and
differentials on rear drivecars.Heavy viscosity 90W.Looks like motor oil butsmells real bad!
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Chassis Grease
Conventional type of petroleum grease.
Grease steering andsuspension parts.
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Other Types of Grease
Lithium grease or whitelube.
Used on mis. parts.
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Other Lubricants
WD-40 is a light oil withgraphite.
Liquid wrench is apenetrating oil for dryand rusted bolts.
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Non Petroleum Lubricants
Silicone spray is for rubber and plastic parts.
Doesnt work well onmetal.Brake cleaner is like drycleaning fluid. Cleans off grease and evaporatesin seconds.
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Other Useful Fluids
Carburetor choke andthrottle body cleaner.
Contains toluene.Starting fluid. Containsether.
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Oil Changes
Oil Changefrequency:
Every 25 -30hours.
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Oil Contamination
Blow-by gases add rawgasoline and water to the oilcausing deterioration.Excessive heat can causethermal breakdown.Excessive cranking candilute oil with gasoline.Cooling gasket leaks will ruinoil causing sludge.
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Things That Make Oil Deteriorate
Faster Short distance driving.(which is most trips)
Extensive idling.Cold weather operation.Trailer towing.
Excessive heavy loadsDirty and dustyconditions.
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Proper Oil Disposal
Waste motor oil is acontrolled waste.
Be sure to properlydispose of.Oil filters too!
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Changing Oil
Find the drainplug andremove it.
Catch thewaste oil anddispose of itproperly.Dont forget toreinstall theplug.
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Drain Plugs
Be careful never to stripout drain plugs.
Extremely bad form.
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Changing the Filter
Remove the filter withan oil filter wrench.
Dispose of the filter properly.Install the new filter hand tight .
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Filter Problems
Always match the old to the new oil filter. The gasket andthread must be the same. If you make a mistake you canpump 5 quarts of oil on the floor in seconds!
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Chassis Lubrication & Fluid Checks
If the the vehicle isequipped with zerk
fittings, grease thoseparts using the power grease gun.Find and clean thefittings first, then injectthe grease. One kickfrom the gun is plenty.
Under the car make thefollowing checks:Gear lube in the differentialon rear drive cars.Check tire air pressure. Besure to find the proper inflation pressure.Check manual transmissionfluid if the car is a stick shift.
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Refilling Motor Oil
Find crankcasecapacity in one of the followingreferences:Owners manual?Service manual.
Repair manual.Computerizedspecification system.
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Under Hood Checks
Motor oil levelPower steering fluid
Coolant levelBrake fluid Automatic transmission
fluid. (The engine mustbe running)
Good technicians also dothese things:Check belt and hosecondition.Inspect the battery terminals.Lubricate hood and door hinges.Look for anything unusualunder the hood.
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Changing Transmission Fluid
Remove transmission oilpan. This is tricky so becareful you dont get an oil bath.Catch oil in motor oil drainpan with the tranny fluidbasin. Dispose of properly.
Change the filter, clean thepan, and reinstall the panwith a new gasket.
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Replacing Filter and Pan Gasket
Buy a filter kit whichgives you a new filter
and gasket.
Treat used tranny filters
as o o ld an oil filter.