Chapter 2A Walk Through the

Writing Process

The Process of Writing Prewriting is the stage in which you explore

possible topics, choose a topic, and then gather details you can include in your writing.

Drafting involves putting ideas down on paper in a rough format.

Revising is the stage in which you rework your rough draft to improve both its form and its content.

Editing and Proofreading are the stages in which you polish your writing, fixing errors in grammar, spelling, and mechanics.

Publishing and presenting are the sharing of your writing.

Prewriting Choosing Your Topic Invisible Ink Method – start writing about

ANYTHING without looking Find your interests

Narrowing Your Topic Using a web or a THINKING MAP

Considering Your Audience and Purpose Audience: Who are you writing to? Purpose: What do you hope to accomplish?

Gathering Details 5W’s + H Hexagonal Chart

Drafting Shaping Your Writing Focus on the Form Narration – Tells a Story Persuasion – Convinces Exposition – Explains Argument – Attempts to prove a point

Providing Elaboration SEE Method: Statement Extension Elaboration

Types of Writing Modes of Writing: Narration, Description, Persuasion,

Exposition, Research Writing, Response to Literature, Writing for Assessment and Workplace Writing

Reflexive Writing: Refers to writing for which you choose the

subject and the form Extensive Writing: Is writing for which you are given a subject

or range of subjects.

Revising Using a Systematic Approach Ratiocination – logical thinking Color coding Big picture to Small Picture

Revising your Overall Structure Highlighting for evaluation

Revising your paragraphs Color-coding

Revising your sentences List all the first words Delete repeats

Revising continued

Revising word choice Be sure your words are what you want to

say Circling repeated words

Peer Review Focus your peer reviewer Target questions

Evaluate the peer responses Ask for clarification

Editing and Proofreading

Address: Spelling Grammar Usage Mechanics Accuracy Legibility

Proofreading marks

Publishing and Presenting

Moving Forward Building your portfolio

Save your work Reflecting on your writing

Learn and Grow

Chapter 3Sentences, Paragraphs, and

Compositions

WHAT ARE THOSEEEEE?????

Sentence – a group of words with two main parts: a subject and a predicate

Paragraph – a group of sentences that share a common topic and work together as a unit of expression

Composition – paragraphs are organized around a main idea

Sentence Combining THE FEWER – THE BETTER Inserting Words: Example: Earthquakes can be terrifying

events. They are produced by nature. Word Insertion: Earthquakes can be

terrifying natural events. Inserting Phrases: Example: The surface of the Earth is a

layer of rock. We call this layer of the Earth the crust.

Phrase: The surface of the Earth, called the crust, is a layer of rock.

Using Compound Elements

Uses FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

Examples on page 30

Compound Sentences

Independent clause – one that can stand by itself as a complete sentence. The girl swung on a wrecking ball.

Subordination/Dependent clause – one that NEEDS an independent clause to be complete.

Examples on page 32 FRAGMENT: When she was young. When she was young, the girl swung

on a wrecking ball.

Writing a Topic Sentence

Presents the main point of the paragraph

Frames or sets up for the supporting details in the paragraph

Writing Supporting Sentences

It should support your topic sentence To support your idea, use:

Facts Statistics Examples Illustrations Instances

Placing Your Topic Sentence: Topic, Restatement, Illustration

Unity and Coherence

Unity – all the parts of the paragraphs are related to on single key idea

THESIS STATEMENT: Main idea of your essay/composition

Coherence – page 38

Parts of a Composition/Essay

Introduction Has some interesting claim Includes Thesis statement

Body Supports the thesis statement

Conclusion Restates the thesis Summarizes the major points Effective conclusion – ends with a

striking image or thought

Types of Paragraphs

Topical Paragraph – group of sentences that support one main sentence

Functional paragraphs – serve a specific purpose To create emphasis To indicate dialogue To make a transition

Paragraph blocks – Paragraphs can be broken up to support one idea

Writing Style

Developing Style Sentence Variety Diction Tone

Formal English Do not use slang Avoid Contractions Use standard English and grammar

Informal English Use contractions Use slang and popular expressions

HAVE FUN WITH YOUR WRITING