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Chapter 19.1 The Civil War Begins. 1860 Abraham Lincoln is elected President of the Untied States. During the election, he had spoken out strongly against the spread of slavery and hoped that one day it would end. But to have slavery end, what would have to happen to America?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 19.1 The Civil War Begins
• 1860– Abraham Lincoln is
elected President of the Untied States.
• During the election, he had spoken out strongly against the spread of slavery and hoped that one day it would end.
– But to have slavery end, what would have to happen to America?
Lincoln’s Goal: Remain United• Lincoln hoped to
prevent a war.– “We are not enemies, but
friends,” Lincoln told Southerners after taking the oath of office. • “In your hands…is the issue of
Civil War.”
• In other words, what do you think Pres. Lincoln is saying?
Secession!Secession!
A New Country Formed• Together these seven
states formed a new country. – Called the Confederate
States of America.
– Had own government• Led by President Jefferson
Davis
• Question for Pres. Davis– What will the South do?
The first move in the game of Chess:Fort Sumter
• Pres. Lincoln received word that supplies were running out at Fort Sumter, South Carolina. – If supplies did not
come soon, they would have to surrender the fort to the Confederacy.
The Confederacy surrounds Ft. Sumter
• Pres. Davis has to make a decision:
– Does he attack the fort? • If he does, is he prepared
to have the U.S. Army attack back?
– Does he starve the men to death? • Aren’t they Americans
too?
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
• Confederate forces asked for its surrender.
• Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies.
• What happens next?– Confederate cannons began firing on April
12, 1861.
– Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later.
• Pres. Lincoln orders 75,000 troops to SC to stop the rebellion.
Rating the North & SouthRating the North & South
Slave/Free States Population, 1861Slave/Free States Population, 1861
Railroad Lines 1860Railroad Lines 1860
Resources: North & South
Resources: North & South
Men Present for Duty in the Civil War
Men Present for Duty in the Civil War
The Union & Confederacy in 1861
The Union & Confederacy in 1861
Why Pres. Davis was Concerned over how the North would react:
• Wealth produced: – Factory production– Textile goods produced – Iron production – Coal production
• The north can make lots of weapons…
– Livestock– Wheat production – Corn production
• The North can feed a huge army!
Overview of Northern Disadvantages
• Fought on Southern lands
• Had to come to grasps with idea that they are fighting other Americans– Some are their family
members…
Overview of Southern Advantages• Fighting a defensive war
– Local support of all men– familiarity with terrain
• Motivation: seeking independence, unified support
• Short communication lines/ friendly population
• Experienced officer corps– Most graduates of West Point
Overview of Southern Disadvantages
• Smaller population
• Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies
• Poor transportation system
• Weak federal government = not strong enough to control Southern states– Jefferson Davis did not
have complete power like Lincoln
Overview: The North’s Strategy to Win the WarOverview: The North’s Strategy to Win the War
Anaconda Plan:created by Winfield Scott
Goal: surround the Confederacy and squeeze them into submission
The Anaconda Plan
• Capture Richmond and force surrender
• Control of the Mississippi River to Stop the transport of:– Soldiers– Weapons– Ammunition– Clothes– Food
• Blockade southern ports to stop– cotton shipments– supplies from foreign nations
Southern Strategy
• Goal: to be recognized as an independent nation in order to preserve their way of life
• Defend its homeland– Hold onto as much territory
as possible until the North got tired of fighting
• Capture Washington, D.C.
• Gain England's support– Or at least France’s.