• Chapter 19 Section 3 • Balkan Peninsula

• Romania• Bulgaria• Albania• Yugoslavia• Croatia• Slovenia• Kosovo• Macedonia• Bosnia-Herzegovina• Serbia & Montenegro

Romania

• 23 million people• Most are Eastern orthodox• Board plains, fertile soil near Danube• Carpathian Mountains have resources

Romania Economy

• Communism led to economic chaos• Energy was so scarce that television aired

only two hours each night• Leader (Ceausescu) was forced from

office an executed in 1989.• Bleak economic outlook…..but….

Multiplier Effect

• Soft drink make spent $150 million in Romania to build up its operations there.

• This investment helped about 25,000 small shops start or stay in buisness.

• 11 jobs have now been added for each one job that the soft drink company created. (Bottle makers, label makers, etc)

Bulgaria• Fertile soils, warm summers and winters

on the Black Sea – “Garden of Eastern Europe”

• Slavic people – like the Russians• Tough transition from communism…• Black sea tourists…..

Albania

• “Europe’s Hermit”• Communist leaders turned away from

Russia and China and left Albania isolated• Very poor – less than $100 / mo• Italian and Greek manufacturers have built

factories to take advantage of low wages.• Many refugees from Kosovo moved here

in 1999.

Yugoslavia

• Created at end of WWI• Six separate republics made up an

unsteady nation held together only by communist rule.

• After Communist control ended tensions increased, leading to…………balkanization.

Balkanize

Breakup of Yugoslavia

• Breakup of Yugoslavia

Slovenia

• The most wealthy of the republics – afraid the others would drag it into poverty.

• Declared independence in 1991• Close ties with western European nations• Industrial development took place earlier

here than in other parts of the Balkans

Croatia• Croatia feared that it’s wealth

from Tourism on the Mediterranean would be eaten away by other regions.

• Declared independence in 1991

• 75% are Croats – descended from the same early Slavic people s the Serbs and languages are nearly the same.

• Serbs practice Eastern Orthodoxy and use the Cyrillic alphabet, Croats are Roman Catholics and use the Latin alphabet

Macedonia

• Declared independence in 1991• Quiet for a while compared to conflicts in their

neighboring countries, but• Tensions with Greece and Albania complicated

trade• More recent conflict due to issues of culture

and national indentify- esp. language.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

• Declared independence in 1991• Conflict between Muslims, ethnic Croats

and Ethnic Serbs – 250,000 people died, 2 million driven from their homes.

• “Ethnic Cleansing” – Serbs used the term to label the process of driving other ethnic groups out of regions they captured. Basically – Mass Murder.

• 1995 Peace treaty divided Bosnia along ethnic lines.

• More “ethnic cleansing” in 1999 when Serbia tried to force ethnic Albanians out of Kosovo.

Serbia & Montenegro

• Kept the name Yugoslavia for themselves after other republics left.

• 65% Serbs.• Physical Features:

Mountain peaks of Montenegro and fertile plains in Serbia.

• Industry is not very developed.

Kosovo

• Late 1990’s – Serbian government ended self-rule

• Protests by ethnic Albanian majority led to repression

• Guerrilla war was waged by the Kosovo Liberation Army against the Serbs.

The End