Upload
shon-harrington
View
222
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chapter 19: Hazardous Chemicals: Pollution & Prevention
Sustainability, Stewardship, and Sound Science
Hazardous Materials
Are one or more of the following:
• Toxic
• Reactive
• Ignitable
• Corrosive
Mercury and Lead
• They are heavy metals which can cause
• Mental impairment
Halogenated Hydrocarbons
• Organic compounds with a halogen (bromine, iodine, ect.) replacing a hydrogen
• Used as pesticides
• Used to make plastic
• Resistant to biodegradation
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
• Chlorinated hydrocarbons
• Are synthetic organic compounds
• Dioxin
• Mainly caused by burning PVC pipe (medical waste)
• Linked to cancer.
• Also an endocrine disruptor.
Recall Alligators …
Love Canal, NY
• Problem first discovered in 1978• The government allowed housing to be build over the
toxic waste dump• First national emergency in the US because of toxic
waste• Led to the superfund legislation.
Superfund sites:• $ comes from taxes on chemical industries• 50% of the $ spent on legal costs
Love Canal, New York
National Priorities list
• Includes sites that are:• The greatest threat to health and the
environment
• Toxic waste generated by households should be handled by toxic waste pick ups and public education.
• Toxicology & Chemical Hazards– Dose– Food Chains
• A History of MISmanagement– Land disposal– Injection– Scope of the Problem
• Cleaning Up the Mess– Water– Superfund (NOT superFUN) Sites
• Broader Issues– Environmental Justice (Grace)– Prevention Sustainability
Toxicology & Chemical Hazards
• Dose Response & Threshold• Threshold Level
• The Nature of Chemical Hazards: HAZMATs
• Sources of Chemical Entering the Environment• Better Living Through ... ?
– Toxics Release Inventory
Toxicology & Chemical Hazards (con’t)
• The Threat from Toxic Chemicals– Heavy Metals– Organic Compounds
• Dirty Dozen• PERC• MTBE
Toxicology & Chemical Hazards (con’t)
• Involvement with Food Chains• Minamata
A History of Mismanagement
• Methods of Land Disposal– Deep-Well Injection– Surface Impoundments– Landfills– Midnight Dumping & Orphan Sites
A History of Mismanagement (con’t)
• Scope of the Mismanagement Problems• Occidental?
Cleaning Up the Mess
• Ensuring Safe Drinking Water
• Groundwater Remediation
Cleaning Up the Mess (con’t)
• Superfund for Toxic Sites– Setting Priorities– Cleanup Technology
• Bioremediation• Plant Food?
Cleaning Up the Mess (con’t)
– Brownfields– Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST)
• Underground storage tank (UST)
Managing Current Hazardous Wastes
• The Clean Air & Water Acts
• The Resource Conservation Act (RCRA)
Managing Current Hazardous Wastes (con’t)
• Reduction of Accidents & Accidental Exposures– Department of Transportation Regulations– Worker Protection: OSHA Act & the “Workers
Right to Know”– Community Protection & Emergency
Preparedness: SARA, Title III• EPCRA Rules
– The Toxic Substances Control Act• REACH
Broader Issues
• Environmental Justice & Hazardous Wastes
• Federal Response• International EJ
• Pollution Prevention for a Sustainable Society
• Green Chemistry• You, the Consummer
Revisiting the Themes
• Sustainability
• Stewardship
• Science
• Ecosystem Capital
• Policy & Politics
• Globalization