CHAPTER 18

Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe

Objectives

What were the specific provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?

What issues emerged as the victors dealt with various nations and national minorities?

What were the aims of the League of Nations?

World War I and the Russian Revolution

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Bell Ringer 18.5:How was the League of Nations structured, and what was its relationship to the World Court?

Creating a “New” Europe

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League of Nations

__________ ____________ ___________

Permanent MembersRotating Members

WORLDCOURT

Bell Ringer 18.5:How was the League of Nations structured, and what was its relationship to the World Court?

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Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

German Republicrepresentatives signthe treaty at the Palaceof Versailles – May 1919

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•Made Germany admit it was guilty of starting the war …and must alone pay reparations (+ the treaty did not even state HOW MUCH Germany had to pay …)

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•Germany lost Alsace-Lorraine to France … Allied troops would occupy the Rhineland.

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Creating a “New” Europe•Germany lost large chunks of territory …

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Military Clauses… abolish their military draft

… army of just 100,000 men

… no heavy artillery, tanks, or planes

… a couple of warships – NO submarines

Ensure that Germany will not be able to start a war.

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Creating a “New” EuropeAustria - The Treaty of St Germain 10th Sept 1919Land - Austria lost land to Italy, Czechoslovakia and Serbia (Yugoslavia). Army - To be reduced to 30,000 men. Anschluss - Union with Germany was forbidden .Reparations - Austria was to pay reparations but went bankrupt before the rate could be set.

Hungary - The Treaty of Trianon 4th June 1920

Bulgaria - The Treaty of Neuilly 27th Nov 1919

Turkey - The Treaty of Sevres 20th August 1920

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Trouble ….Often new boundaries didnot match natural ethnicdivisions.

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Many minorities had been oppressed during the Great War.

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The Ottoman

Empire paid a high price for being on the losing

side.

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League of Nations

• Two main aims:– To promote international cooperation– To keep peace among nations by settling

disputes and reducing armaments

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League of Nations

• The Assembly– Each nation = ONE vote

• The Council – main peacekeeping body– GB, Fr, Italy, Japan & US + four rotating members

• The Secretariat – conducted the official work of the League

• World Court in The Hague, Netherlands

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Mandates

… provided a way to deal with the overseas colonies of defeatedpowers UNTIL the people of the colony were READY forindependence.

Political Cartoon

Creating a “New” Europe

Political Cartoon

Creating a “New” Europe

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Exhausted from his vigorous efforts toward ratification of the Versailles Treaty, traveling 8,000 miles by rail around the country, President Wilson fell ill and would never fully recover.

He was unable to travel to Norway to accept the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize.

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Close your books! Quick Quiz on Ch 18.4 & 5!

You may use your notes!