Finding Order in Diversity

Chapter 18Section 1

What is the scientific name for the human species?

What do you think are the common names for Felis catus and Canis familiaris?

What is a better way to name, common or scientific?

Why is it important for all organisms to be named?

Brain Warm Up

I am looking for someone. Stand up if you are a:

Female Brown Hair Brown Eyes Left-handed

If I were describing someone, would this description be confusing?

What would have been a better way to identify someone?

Is Scientific Naming Important?

Depending on where you live, this animal could be known as:

A Mountain Lion A Puma A Cougar A Panther

Felis concolor

Name this animal.

*To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner.

*Taxonomy – Scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name.

Why Classify?

*By using a scientific name, biologists can be certain that everyone is discussing the same organism.

Organisms are organized into groups that have biological significance.

When you hear the word “bird”, what do you picture?

Why Classify?

Bird

Everyone use classification systems: Examples??

Teacher Students Mechanic

Why Classify?

*The first attempts at standard scientific names often described the physical characteristics of a species in great detail.

The name could be 20 words long!!! Oak with deeply divided leaves that have no hairs on their undersides and no teeth around their edges.

Early Efforts at Naming Organisms

*Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist who lived during the 18th century.

*He developed the two-word naming system called binomial nomenclature.

*Each species is assigned a two-part scientific name

*Always italicized, first word is CAPITALIZED, and the second word is lowercase.

Binomial Nomenclature

Grizzly bear – Ursus arctos The first name is the genus. A genus is a group of closely related species.

The second name is unique to each species within the genus.

Binomial Nomenclature

Grizzly Bear – Ursus arctos Polar Bear – Ursus maritimus Giant Panda Bear – Ailuropoda melanoleuca

Binomial Nomenclature

*Linnaeus’s system includes seven levels:

*From largest to smallest: *Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

A way to remember: *King Phillip Came Over for Great Soup

*Each of the levels is called a taxon (plural is taxa)

Linnaeus’s System of Classification

Genera that share many characteristics are grouped in a larger category, family.

An order is a broad taxonomic category composed of similar families.

A class is composed of similar orders.

A phylum includes many different organisms that share important characteristics.

Linnaeus’s System of Classification

All animals are placed in the kingdom Animalia.

The kingdom is the largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus’s taxonomic categories.

*Linnaeus named two kingdoms: Animalia and Plantae.

Linnaeus’s System of Classification

Figure 18-5, page 450