Chapter 18 Discussion

With multiple substitutents there can be antagonistic or reinforcing effects

Antagonistic or Non-Cooperative

D = Electron Donating Group (ortho/para-directing)W = Electron Withdrawing Group (meta-directing)

Reinforcing or Cooperative

Important tools for synthesis

ortho-para director

6

Diazonium chemistry

Mechanism for formation of Diazonium Salts from Anilines

Reduce reactivity with acetyl groups

Weak step here

A

B

C

D

A

B

D

From benzene