Chapter 18-1

The Later Middle Ages

Popes and King

Put these in the Correct Order

a. Invaders attack much of Europe

b. Towns and trade growc. Charlemagne creates a

huge Christian Empired. Missionaries spread

Christianity to Europee. Feudalism develops in

Europe

a. In England and France, kings were elected to their thrones

b. In England and France, kings inherited their thrones from their fathers

c. People who committed minor offences could be excommunicated.

d. People who committed serious offenses could be excommunicated.

e. Popes and kings had the most power in the later Middle Ages

f. Nobles and knights had the most power in the later Middle Ages.

True of False: Choose the letters of the True Statements

Copy Chapter 18 Termsp. 523

1. Excommunicate2. Pope Gregory VII3. Emperor Henry IV4. Crusades5. Holy Land6. Pope Urban II7. King Richard I8. Saladin9. Clergy10. Religious Order11. Francis of Assisi12. Friars

1. Thomas Aquinas2. Natural Law3. Magna Carta4. Parliament5. Hundred Years’ War6. Joan of Arc7. Black Death8. Heresy9. Reconquista 10.King Ferdinand11.Queen Isabella 12.Spanish Inquisition

Complete the Timeline QuestionsExplore the Timeline

p. 521

1. About how long did the Crusades last?

2. While Crusaders fought for control of the Holy Land, what was happening in Japan?

3. About how long did the Black Death last?

1. What two people shared power in Europe after feudalism declined?

2. Whom might a pope choose to excommunicate?3. Why did some popes eventually begin to live like

royalty?4. How did becoming king in England and France differ

from how it was done in the Holy Roman Empire?5. In what region did many bishops not recognize the

pope’s authority?6. Why did Pope Leo IX believe that all church officials

should answer to him?7. What might have happened if Leo IX had not

excommunicated the bishop of Constantinople?8. What compromise solved the conflict over who had the

right to choose bishops?9. Why do you think a king would want to select bishops

himself?

Chapter 18-1 Guided Questions

Popes and Kings524-527

• In the early Middle Ages, who had a great deal of power in Europe?– As time passed, power shifted into the hands of

the popes and kings.

• Looking at the title “popes and kings,” what kind of government can you guess they had?– Feudalism in Europe declined and popes

gained both spiritual power and political power.

• What was the popes job during the early Middle Ages?– Together the popes and kings controlled most

of European Society.

Jobs of the Pope

• Head of Christian Church in Western Europe• God’s representative on earth to Christian

people in Europe• Wrote “the bull” which said what the church

could teach and its policies• Punish or Excommunicate people working

against the church, which was feared greatly• Political Leader for the area of the fallen

Roman Empire and area became known as the Holy Roman Empire because the Pope elected its leaders

• Popes lived like royalty in huge palaces

Because of the power of the popes, they often clashed with the legitimate political leaders,

the kings.

King and Power

• All of the small states in Europe were ruled by kings (see map 525)

• Most powerful kings were in France, England, and the Holy Roman Empire

• Kings in France and England inherited their thrones (dynasty)– Power through alliances and warfare

The Holy Roman Empire

• The Holy Roman Empire grew out of what was Charlemagne’s Empire– Saw as the rebirth of the Roman Empire

• Leaders of the Holy Roman Empire were elected by the pope and did not inherit their crowns– The Emperors were elected by nobles

• Sometimes these elections led to fights between the nobles and the Emperors– In the worst fights, emperors would call on the

pope for help

Let’s Gossip about the two biggest fights between the

kings and popes• The Great Schism of 1054

– Create a split in the Christian Church

• The Clash of 1073– Pope shows the king who is boss

Popes vs. KingsGossip Column Assignment

• Write a Newspaper Gossip Column about the – “Great Schism of 1054” with Pope Leo IX (page 526 Popes

fight for power)OR – “The Clash of 1073” with Pope Gregory VII and Emperor

Henry IV (527 Kings and Popes Clash)• Criteria

– Groups of 2 or can be done individually– Column must include a Catchy Title– Columns must explain the controversy completely (so

what are they arguing about and what happens)– Must include some opinionated views from the writer– Include slang or sarcasm

• Include slang or sarcasm such as lol, Omg, like, really, epic fail, rotfl, etc…

ALL GOSSIP MUST BE TRUE IN THIS CASE!!

Although the people of western Europe considered the pope the head of the church, eastern European people disagreed.

Main Idea 2:Popes fought for power, leading to a permanent split within the

church.

• Pope Leo IX believed that all Christians should answer to the pope, and that the pope should be the leader of the whole Christian church.

• The bishop of Constantinople disagreed with Pope Leo and wouldn’t recognize his authority, so Pope Leo excommunicated him.

• This decision created a permanent split in the church. The Eastern Orthodox Church was formed by Christians who agreed with the bishop.

• The rest of the church became known as the Roman Catholic Church. The pope became one of the most powerful figures in western Europe.

Pope Leo

As popes continued to try to increase their power, they came into conflict with kings.

Main Idea 3:Kings and popes clashed over

some issues.

• Pope Gregory VII came to power in Rome.

• The pope disapproved of a bishop chosen by the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV.

• Henry became angry and tried to have the pope removed; however, the pope excommunicated Henry.

• Henry had to beg the pope for forgiveness to get back into the church.

• This incident made the pope more powerful than the emperor at that time.

Power Struggle

Info to Know

The Great Schism of 1054 was the split between the Eastern and Western Christian Churches.

In 1054, relations between the Greek speaking Eastern of the Byzantine empire and the Latin

speaking Western traditions within the Christian Church reached a terminal crisis.

This crisis led to the separation between the Eastern and Western churches and is referred to as the Great Schism of 1054. The Christian

Church split along doctrinal, theological, linguistic, political, and geographic lines. The

split, the Great Schism of 1054, led to the development of the modern Roman Catholic

and Eastern Orthodox churches.

Info to Know

A person who was excommunicated was denied the sacraments of the

church, including mass and confession. Because rulers were

believed to rule by the authority of God, an excommunicated king or

emperor had no right to rule.

What is gossip?

What is catchy?

Popes vs. KingsGossip Column Assignment