Chapter 17 Section DThe Reformation Continues

Calvinism• Men and women are sinful by nature• God chooses a few to save (elect)• Predestination- God has known since the

beginning who will be saved• He believed in a theocracy• Calvin is asked to run Geneva, Switzerland• Calvinism will spread

John Calvin

. John Knox will take Calvin’s teachings to Scotland and his followers will be called Presbyterians

Many Protestant Churches today can trace their roots back to Calvin and his teachings.

• In France, Calvin’s followers will be called Huguenots.

Other Reformers

• Anabaptists (baptize again)-taught that Church and state should be separate and they refused to fight wars. They were the forerunners of the Mennonites and the Amish.

• Their teachings would influence the Quakers and Baptist.

Women of the ReformationMarguerite Of Navarre protected John Calvin

Katherine Zell-cared for plague victims

Katherine Luther-married Martin Luther and fought for women’s equal role in marriage.

Catholic Reformation

• Ignatius of Loyola-wrote The Spiritual Exercises. He believed in a day by day plan of meditation, prayer, and study

• He began a religious order called the Society of Jesus or Jesuits.

Ignatius of Loyola

Jesuits Three Goals

1. Founded superb schools2. Convert non-Christians to Catholicism-they

sent out missionaries3. Stop Protestantism from spreading

As part of Pope Paul III’s reforms he called the Council of Trent

Council of Trent

• The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final

• Christians need faith and good works for salvation

• The Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities for guiding a Christian life

• Indulgences were valid expressions of faith (but the false selling of indulgences was banned)

Effects of the Reformation

• Because of the Reformation, religion no longer united Europe

• Individual monarchs and states gained power• Modern nation-states arose• It laid the ground work for the rejection of

Christianity

After Quiz Do Your Test Review