Chapter 15- Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

8/12/2019 Chapter 15- Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

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Chapter 15: Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

Chapter 15: Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties

of Carbon

1. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) 1,1,!trieth"l!#!meth"lbutane $) !eth"l!%,5!dimeth"lheptane

&) 1,1!dieth"l!#,!dimeth"lpentane ') none of the abo(e

C) #,%!dieth"l!!meth"lheane

Ans: $ $ifficult": '

#. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) #!isoprop"l!#,,%!trimeth"lbutane $) 1,1,#,#,!pentameth"lpentane

&) #!isoprop"l!#,!dimeth"lpentane ') none of the abo(e

C) #,,,%!tetrameth"lheane

Ans: C $ifficult": '

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. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) 1,#!dieth"l!1!meth"l!!prop"l!%!isobut"lheane

&) 1,+,+!trimeth"l!1,#,%!trieth"l!!prop"lheane

C) 1,1,+!trimeth"l!,5,+!trieth"l!%!prop"lheane

$) %,+!dieth"l!#,!dimeth"l!5!prop"lnonane

') ,5!dieth"l!1,1,+!trimeth"l!%!prop"loctane


%. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) #,%,5!triprop"lheptane $) 5!eth"l!#,%!diprop"loctane

&) +!meth"l!,%!diprop"lnonane ') %!eth"l!!meth"l!5!prop"ldecane

C) %!eth"l!5,!diprop"loctane

Ans: ' $ifficult": '


A) ortho!diprop"lc"clopent"lheane $) 1!he"l!#,!diprop"lc"clopentane

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&) #,!diprop"lc"clopent"lheane ') 1,#!diprop"l!!he"lc"clopentane

C) #!he"l!1,5!diprop"lc"clopentane

Ans: $ $ifficult": -

+. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) ortho!eth"lhept"lc"clopentane $) eth"lc"clopent"lheptane

&) meta!eth"lhept"lc"clopentane ') ortho!eth"lhept"lbenene

C) 1!eth"l!#!hept"lc"clopentane


. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) 1!eth"l!!meth"lc"cloheane $) meta!eth"lmeth"lbenene

&) 1!meth"l!5!eth"lc"cloheane ') !eth"ltoluene

C) meta!eth"lmeth"lc"cloheane

Ans: A $ifficult": '

/. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) cis!#!meth"l!%!heptene $) trans!+!meth"l!!heptene

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C) cis-%,%!dimeth"l!5!prop"l!+!decene

$) trans!,!dimeth"l!+!prop"l!%!decene

') cis!,!dimeth"l!+!prop"l!%!decene

Ans: ' $ifficult": -


A) cis!#,!dimeth"l!%!heene $) trans-%,5!dimeth"l!#!heene

&) trans!#,!dimeth"l!%!heene ') trans-%,5!dimeth"l!#!heptene

C) cis-%,5!dimeth"l!#!heene


1#. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) cis!#,5!dieth"l!+!meth"l!!nonene $) %,+!dieth"l!!meth"l!+!nonene

&) #,5!dieth"l!+!meth"l!!nonene ') trans!#,5!dieth"l!+!meth"l!!nonene

C) cis!%,+!dieth"l!!meth"l!+!nonene

Ans: & $ifficult": -

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A) #!eth"l!!pentene $) %!meth"l!#!heene

&) %!eth"l!#!pentene ') none of the abo(e

C) !meth"l!%!heene


1%. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) 1,1!dieth"l!!but"l!!heene $) !eth"l!5!prop"l!5!nonene

&) 5!but"l!!eth"l!5!octene ') %!but"l!+!eth"l!,%!octene

C) %!but"l!+!eth"l!!octene

Ans: C $ifficult": -


A) 1!but"l!%!pent"l!!prop"lc"cloheene

&) 1!but"l!%!pent"l!5!prop"lc"cloheene

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1/. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) %!eth"l!1,1,5!trimeth"l!#!hept"ne $) !eth"l!,!dimeth"l!5!oct"ne

&) %,5!dieth"l!1,1!dimeth"l!#!hept"ne ') 5!eth"l!#,+!dimeth"l!!oct"ne

C) 5!eth"l!#,+!dimeth"l!!octene



A) 5!but"l!%,%!dimeth"l!!prop"l!1!heptene

&) 5!eth"l!%!%!dimeth"l!!prop"l!1!non"ne

C) 5!eth"l!+!+!dimeth"l!!prop"l!/!non"ne

$) %,+!dieth"l!5!5!dimeth"l!%!dec"ne

') 5!eth"l!%!%!dimeth"l!!prop"l!1!nonene

Ans: & $ifficult": '

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#*. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) %!%!dieth"l!#!pent"ne $) %!eth"l!%!meth"l!#!he"ne

&) #,#!dieth"l!!pent"ne ') #!eth"l!#!meth"l!%!heene

C) #!eth"l!#!meth"l!%!he"ne


#1. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) #,5!dimeth"l!!oct"ne!+!c"clobutane

&) %!c"clobut"l!1!isoprop"l!!meth"l!1!he"ne

C) !c"clobut"l!%,!dimeth"l!5!oct"ne

$) +!c"clobut"l!#,5!dimeth"l!!oct"ne

') !c"clobut"l!%,!dimeth"l!5!octene


##. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) meta!chloroeth"lc"cloheene $) 1!chloro!5!eth"lbenene

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&) 1!chloro!5!eth"lc"cloheene ') 1!chloro!!eth"lc"cloheane

C) meta!chloroeth"lbenene



A) 1!chloro!#!eth"l!!prop"lc"cloheane

&) 1!chloro!#!eth"l!!prop"lc"cloheene

C) 1!chloro!ortho!eth"lprop"lbenene

$) 1!chloro!meta!eth"lprop"lbenene

') 1!chloro!#!eth"l!!prop"lbenene


#%. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) ortho!but"leth"lbenene $) 1!but"l!#!eth"lc"cloheene

&) meta!but"leth"lbenene ') 1!but"l!#!eth"lc"cloheane

C) para!but"leth"lbenene


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#5. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) ortho!dibromobenene $) 1,%!dibromoc"cloheene

&) meta!dibromobenene ') 1,%!dibromoc"cloheane

C) para!dibromobenene


#+. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) para!bromochloro!#!eth"lbenene

&) %!bromo!1!chloro!#!eth"lbenene

C) 5!bromo!#!chloro!1!eth"lbenene

$) 1!bromo!%!chloro!!eth"lc"cloheene

') %!bromo!1!chloro!#!eth"lc"cloheane



A) ,%!dieth"l!%!meth"l!#!butanol $) !eth"l!%!meth"l!#!heanol

&) #,!dieth"l!%!pentanol ') !eth"l!%!meth"l!#!heanal

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C) ,%!dieth"l!#!pentanol


#/. 2hat is the molecular formula of the compound #,!dimeth"l!%!c"clopent"l!5!

eth"ldecane3A) C1+4% &) C14% C) C1/4+ $) C104/ ') C#*4%*Ans: $ $ifficult": -

#0. 2hat is the difference between 1!but"ne and 1!butene3

A) 1 carbon atom $) % h"drogen atoms

&) 1 carbon atom and # h"drogen atoms ') 1 carbon atom and % h"drogen atoms

C) # h"drogen atoms


*. Select the correct name for the following compound.

A) !eth"l!#,!dimeth"l!1!propanol $) ,%!dimeth"l!5!pentanol

&) #,,%!trimeth"l!1!butanol ') #,!dimeth"l!1!pentanal

C) #,!dimeth"l!1!pentanol


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1. 2hich compound, if an", will be opticall" acti(e3

A) A &) & C) C $) $ ') one of the abo(e is opticall" acti(e.Ans: & $ifficult": '

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#. 2hich compound, if an", will notbe opticall" acti(e3

A) A &) & C) C $) $ ') 6he" are all opticall" acti(e.


. 'cluding c"clic compounds, how man" possible isomers eist for C%4/3

A) # &) % C) 5 $) + ')


%. 7ncluding c"clic compounds, how man" possible isomers eist for C%4/3

A) # &) % C) 5 $) + ')


5. 2hich of the following features do c"cloheene and !meth"l!1!pent"ne ha(e in

common3A) same ph"sical properties $) same molecular weight

&) same chemical properties ') same number of double bonds

C) same boiling point


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+. Select the correct t"pe for the following reaction.

C4C4#C4#C4#O4 8 4&r C4C4#C4#C4#&r 8 4#O

A) deh"dration $) elimination

&) deh"dro"lation ') substitution

C) addition


. Alcohols undergo a (ariet" of reactions. 2hich one of the following reactions is not

undergone b" the alcohol functional group3

A) substitution

&) addition

C) deh"dration

$) oidation to form a 9etone

') oidation to form an aldeh"de or a carbo"lic acid


/. &enene will react with chloromethane in the presence of a catal"st to produce toluene

and h"drogen chloride. Select the correct reaction t"pe for the process.

A) addition &) elimination C) substitution $) oidation ') reduction


0. Select the correct reaction t"pe for the following process.



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%*. 6he reaction of bromine with an al9ene such as c"clopentene is a good laborator" test

for the presence of a double bond in a compound. 2hat t"pe of reaction is it3

A) addition &) elimination C) substitution $) displacement ') reduction


%1. #!chloro!#,!dimeth"lbutane will react with potassium h"droide dissol(ed in alcohol to

produce #,!dimeth"l!#!butene. 2hat t"pe of reaction is this3

A) addition &) elimination C) substitution $) oidation ') displacement


%#. Select the correct t"pe for the following reaction.

A) addition &) elimination C) substitution $) oidation ') deh"drogenationAns: & $ifficult": '

%. Select the correct t"pe for the following reaction.

A) addition &) elimination C) carbon"lation $) deh"dration ') oidation


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%%. Select the correct t"pe for the following reaction.



%5. 7dentif" the functional group circled.

A) aldeh"de &) 9etone C) alcohol $) ester ') carbo"lic acid


%+. anillin is a fla(oring agent which occurs naturall" in the (anilla bean, the seed of an

orchid. 7dentif" the functional group circled.

A) aldeh"de &) 9etone C) alcohol $) carbo"lic acid ') carbon"l


%. One source of a mus9" odor in perfumes is ci(etone, a compound etracted from the

scent gland of the ci(et cat. 7dentif" the functional group circled.

A) aldeh"de &) 9etone C) alcohol $) carbo"lic acid ') oide


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%/. Aspirin is an effecti(e and widel" used pain relie(er. 7dentif" the functional group

circled.

A) aldeh"de &) 9etone C) ester $) carbo"lic acid ') carbon"lAns: C $ifficult": -

%0. 'nflurane is an effecti(e gaseous anesthetic with relati(el" low flammabilit". 7dentif"

the functional group circled.

A) aldeh"de &) 9etone C) ester $) ether ') alcoholAns: $ $ifficult": '

5*. Anethole, a deri(ati(e of anise, is used in fla(oring and as perfume in soap andtoothpaste. 7dentif" the functional group circled.

A) aldeh"de &) 9etone C) alcohol $) ester ') ether


51. ;l"cerin is used in cosmetics as a moisturier. 7dentif" the functional group circled.

A) carbo"lic acid &) alcohol C) ester $) ether ') aldeh"de


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5#. ;lucose is an important sugar in a person


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5+. Putrescine is produced during the deca" and protein brea9down of meats and is

responsible for some of the odor found in them. 7dentif" the functional group circled.

A) aldeh"de &) 9etone C) amide $) nitrile ') amineAns: ' $ifficult": '

5. Serotonin transmits ner(e impulses through the bod". 7dentif" the functional group

circled.

A) aldeh"de &) alcohol C) amide $) amine ') nitride


5/. Acetaminophen is a widel" used and an effecti(e pain relie(er. 7dentif" the functional

group circled.

A) aldeh"de &) alcohol C) amide $) amine ') carbon"l


50. =rea carries waste nitrogen from the bod" in urine. 7dentif" the functional group circled.

A) aldeh"de &) alcohol C) carbo"l $) amine ') amideAns: ' $ifficult": -

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+*. 6he millipede e>ects the compound shown below to protect itself from its enemies.

7dentif" the functional group circled.

A) nitrile &) alcohol C) amide $) amine ') nitroAns: A $ifficult": -

+1. Am"gdalin ?@aetrile) was once touted for its potential anticancer acti(it". 4owe(er, theclaims were ne(er scientificall" (erified. 7dentif" the functional group circled.

A) carbonite &) ether C) amide $) amine ') nitrile


+#. 2hich one of the following classes of organic compound does not contain the carbon"l

?CO) group3A) aldeh"des &) carbo"lic acids C) 9etones $) alcohols ') esters


+. 7dentif" the principal organic product of the reaction between butane and chlorine.

A) C4Cl

&) C4C4#Cl

C) C4C4ClC4

$) C4C4#C4ClC4

') one of the abo(e is a ma>or product of the reaction.


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+%. 7dentif" the principal organic product when ben"l chloride reacts with aBueous sodium

h"droide.

A) A &) & C) C $) $ ') none of the abo(e

Ans: A $ifficult": -

+5. 7dentif" the two principal products of the reaction between ammonia and eth"l

propionate.

A) A

&) &

C) C

$) $

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Ans: & $ifficult": 4

++. 7dentif" the products of the following reaction.

A) A

&) &

C) C

$) $

') one of the abo(e pairs of compounds are formed in the reaction.


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+. 7dentif" the products for the reaction between c"cloheptene and bromine.

A) A

&) &

C) C

$) $

') one of the abo(e are the ma>or products of the reaction.


+/. 7dentif" the products of the reaction of !octene with chlorine.

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH CHCH2CH3 Cl28

A)

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH CHCH2CH3

ClCl

&)


ClCl

ClCl

C)


ClH

$)


ClCl

') CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2Cl CH3CH2CH2Cl8

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Ans: A $ifficult": -

+0. 7dentif" the products of the reaction between #!bromopentane and potassium ethoide.

A) A

&) &

C) C

$) $


Ans: C $ifficult": 4

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*. 7dentif" the principal organic products for the following reaction.

A) A

&) &

C) C

$) $



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1. 7dentif" the organic product when c"cloheanol reacts with ecess potassium

dichromate in the presence of sulfuric acid.

A) A

&) &

C) C

$) $



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#. 7dentif" the organic product when !c"lcobut"l!1!propanol reacts with ecess potassium

dichromate in sulfuric acid.

A) A

&) &

C) C

$) $


Ans: C $ifficult": 4

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. 7dentif" the organic product for the reaction of #!pentanol with sulfuric acid.

A) A

&) &

C) C

$) $



%. 7dentif" the organic product when c"clopentanol reacts with sulfuric acid.

A) A

&) &

C) C

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$) $



5. One characteristic of the monomers that form condensation pol"mers that is notcommon in monomers which form addition pol"mers is

A) the presence of pi bonds.

&) the presence of two functional groups.

C) the presence of al9"l side chains.

$) the abilit" to form free radicals.

') the presence of sulfur atoms.


+. 2hich of the following pol"mers is a condensation pol"mer3

A) pol"st"rene $) pol"prop"lene

&) 6eflon ') $acron

C) pol"(in"lchloride

Ans: ' $ifficult": 4

. "lon!t"pe compounds are prepared b" the reaction of

A) a diol with a diacid. $) an amine with a diacid.

&) an alcohol with a diacid. ') a diamine with an acid.

C) a diamine with a diacid.


/. $acron is a DDDDDDDDDDD compound and is produced b" a DDDDDDDDDD reaction.A) pol"amideE addition $) pol"esterE condensation

&) pol"amideE condensation ') pol"eneE addition

C) pol"esterE addition

Ans: $ $ifficult": 4

0. 6he most abundant organic chemical on earth is

A) gl"cogen. &) starch. C) cellulose. $) glucose. ') carbonate.Ans: C $ifficult": -

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/*. 'ach amino acid has two functional groups in common and one of #* other groups

attached to the !carbon. 6he two functional groups are

A) carbo"l and amine. $) alcohol and amine.

&) ester and amine. ') carbo"l and peptide.

C) carbo"l and amide.


/1. 4elical and sheet!li9e segments in proteins arise from

A) disulfide bridges.

&) salt bridges.

C) crosslin9ing (ia co(alent bonds.

$) dispersion forces within the protein


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$ifficult": -

/5. $raw and name four al9enes with the formula C%4/.Ans:

$ifficult": -

/+. ame the compound with the molecular structure shown.

Ans: #!meth"l!#!pentene

$ifficult": -

/. $raw the structure of trans!5!meth"l!!heptene.

Ans:

$ifficult": -

//. ame the compounds:

Ans: a. c"clobutane

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b. c"clooctene

c. toluene ?meth"lbenene)

$ifficult": '

/0. 2hat is the simplest molecular formula for

a. an al9ane capable of ha(ing structural isomers3b. an al9ane capable of ha(ing optical isomers3

c. an al9ene capable of ha(ing geometrical isomers3

Ans: a. C%41*b. C41+c. C%4/

$ifficult": 4

0*. 7n one sentence, what is the general reBuirement for a molecule to be opticall" acti(e3

Ans: 7n order to be opticall" acti(e, the compound must ha(e a non!superimposable

mirror image.

$ifficult": -

01. a. $raw two different structures with the molecular formula C#4+O.b. ame the functional group in each structure.

c. 2hich one will ha(e the higher boiling point, and wh"3

Ans: a. 4CG C4#GO4 4CGOG C4b. alcohol and ether

c. 6he alcohol will ha(e the higher boiling pointE it will ha(e h"drogen bonding

while the ether does not.

$ifficult": -

0#. ame each of the following functional groups:

Ans: a. alcohol

b. ether

c. 9etoned. aldeh"de

e. carbo"lic acidf. amide

$ifficult": '

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0. 2rite down the structure of the missing organic reactant or product?s) in the following

reactions, and name the t"pe of reaction in(ol(ed ?inorganic products ma" also be

formed):

Ans:

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$ifficult": -

0%. $escribe and contrast fibrous and globular proteins in terms of their amino acidcomposition, their structure, and their function.

Ans: Hibrous proteins are composed of relati(el" few amino acids in a repeating

pattern. 6heir structures are helices or sheets, and the" are found in hair, s9in andmuscle. ;lobular proteins use more amino acids in their structures, and the" ha(e

(arious of irregular shapes. 6heir functions are (arious: messenger molecules,

en"mes ?catal"sts), etc.$ifficult": -

05. 'plain how a disulfide bridge can arise a protein molecule.

Ans: $isulfide bridges arise when two c"steine S4 side chains react to form aco(alent SS lin9 between the two regions of the protein bac9bone. 6he two

regions of the protein bac9bone are thus held together.

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$ifficult": 4

0+. 'plain how a salt bridge can arise a protein molecule.Ans: A salt bridge is the result of ionic attraction between a side chain with a

carbo"late ?COO) group and one with a protonated amine group ?48).

6hese regions of the molecule are then held together b" this ionic attraction.$ifficult": 4

0. ame the three component parts of a nucleotide.Ans: phosphate, base, sugar

$ifficult": '

0/. 'plain what is meant b" Icomplementar"J in the contet of $A strands.

Ans: 'ach nucleotide along a single strand of $A has one of four possible bases,

namel" guanine ?;), c"tosine ?C), adenine ?A), and th"mine ?6). 6he double heliof $A is held in place b" h"drogen bonds between pairs of bases, one base

being on each of the two strands. ; alwa"s pairs with C and A alwa"s pairs with

6. 6hus, the base seBuence on one strand determines the base seBuence on theother strand, and the strands are Icomplementar"J to each other.

$ifficult": -

00. ;i(en that each !base seBuence in $A is a Icode wordJ for a particular amino acid,

how man" different code words are possible using a !base seBuence and the bases

a(ailable in $A3

Ans: % % % +%

$ifficult": -

1**. &ecause organic compounds are associated with li(ing organisms, their properties are

go(erned b" fundamentall" different chemical principles from those of inorganic

compounds.Ans: Halse $ifficult": '

1*1. 'thane ?C#4+) is much more reacti(e than disilane ?Si#4+).

Ans: Halse $ifficult": '

1*#. 6he carbon atoms in a molecule of c"cloheane lie in the same plane.

Ans: Halse $ifficult": -

1*. All the atoms in a molecule of benene lie in the same plane.

Ans: 6rue $ifficult": -

1*%. &oth al9enes and al9"nes ehibit geometric ?cisKtrans) isomerism.


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1*5. &ecause of delocaliation, all the carbon!carbon bond lengths in 1,!c"clopentadiene are

identical.


1*+. As a result of delocaliation of the pi!electrons, all the carbon!carbon bonds in benene

are identical.Ans: 6rue $ifficult": '

1*. A characteristic reaction of al9anes is addition.Ans: Halse $ifficult": '

1*/. A characteristic reaction of al9enes is addition.

Ans: 6rue $ifficult": '

1*0. A characteristic reaction of haloal9anes is substitution.

Ans: 6rue $ifficult": '

11*. All alcohols are capable of h"drogen bonding.


111. All 9etone molecules are capable of h"drogen bonding to other 9etone molecules.


11#. Carbo"lic acids are wea9 acids.


11. Secondar" amines ha(e the general formula F4#.


11%. 'sters can be formed b" the deh"dration!condensation of a carbo"lic acid and an

alcohol.


115. Addition pol"mers are mostl" made from monomers with carbon!carbon double bonds.


11+. Condensation pol"mers are formed b" free radical addition reactions.


11. &oth n"lons and proteins are pol"amides.


11/. Amino acids in solution can undergo an internal acid!base reaction.


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110. 6he bac9bone of protein molecules consists of repeating CCO units.


Documents

Chapter 15- Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon