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CHAPTER 15CHAPTER 15LESSON 2LESSON 2
The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal System
Function of SkeletonFunction of Skeleton
• SupportSupport
• Protection (vital organs)Protection (vital organs)
• Movement of BodyMovement of Body– AXIAL SKELETON – 80 Bones of the skull, AXIAL SKELETON – 80 Bones of the skull,
spine, ribs, and sternumspine, ribs, and sternum– APPENDICULAR SKELETON – 126 Bones APPENDICULAR SKELETON – 126 Bones
of the shoulder, arms, hands, hips, legs, of the shoulder, arms, hands, hips, legs, and feet.and feet.
TYPES OF BONESTYPES OF BONES
• Long (femur, radius)Long (femur, radius)
• Short (phalanges)Short (phalanges)
• Flat (ribs, skull)Flat (ribs, skull)
• Irregular (odd shapes, vertebrae, Irregular (odd shapes, vertebrae, tarsals and carpals etc.)tarsals and carpals etc.)
CARTILAGECARTILAGE
• Strong, flexible tissueStrong, flexible tissue
• Line surfaces of joints and allow for Line surfaces of joints and allow for smooth movementsmooth movement
JOINTSJOINTS
• BALL AND SOCKET – widest range of BALL AND SOCKET – widest range of movement.movement.
• PIVOT – rotation as in head rotatingPIVOT – rotation as in head rotating
• ELLIPSOIDAL – oval shaped fits into a ELLIPSOIDAL – oval shaped fits into a curved space as in the wrist.curved space as in the wrist.
• HINGE – allows for bending and HINGE – allows for bending and straighteningstraightening
PROBLEMS WITH SKELETAL PROBLEMS WITH SKELETAL SYSTEM SYSTEM
• HAIRLINE FRACTURE – crack in the HAIRLINE FRACTURE – crack in the bone; parts do not separate.bone; parts do not separate.
• TRANSVERSE FRACTURE – TRANSVERSE FRACTURE – completely across the bone.completely across the bone.
• COMMINUTED FRACTURE – shattered COMMINUTED FRACTURE – shattered into more than two pieces.into more than two pieces.
• COMPOUND FRACTURE – when bone COMPOUND FRACTURE – when bone protrudes thru skinprotrudes thru skin
PROBLEMS CONTINUEDPROBLEMS CONTINUED
• OSTEOPOROSIS – loss of bone mass; OSTEOPOROSIS – loss of bone mass; a natural part of the aging; bones a natural part of the aging; bones become brittlebecome brittle
• SCOLIOSIS – side to side curvature of SCOLIOSIS – side to side curvature of the spine.the spine.
• ARTHRITIS- inflamation of the joint; ARTHRITIS- inflamation of the joint; two kinds osteoarithritis and two kinds osteoarithritis and ruematoid.ruematoid.
JOINT INJURIESJOINT INJURIES• DISLOCATION – bone slips from its normal DISLOCATION – bone slips from its normal
position. Obvious deformity.position. Obvious deformity.
• SEPARATION – bone is out of place, but no SEPARATION – bone is out of place, but no ligaments/cartilage are damagedligaments/cartilage are damaged
• TORN CARTILAGE – sharp blow or a severe TORN CARTILAGE – sharp blow or a severe twisting of a joint. Can be repaired by twisting of a joint. Can be repaired by arthroscopic surgery.arthroscopic surgery.
• BUNION – painful swelling of the bursa sac in the BUNION – painful swelling of the bursa sac in the big toe.big toe.
• BURSITIS – bursa sac becomes inflamed.BURSITIS – bursa sac becomes inflamed.