Upload
logan-donley
View
221
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 1/33
First battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
y On July 16, General McDowell began to move on Confederate General Beauregard at Manassas Junction.
McDowell attacked Beauregard¶s soldiers, with aid from the forces of Johnston, near the bridge over Bull Run
River and drove them to the Henry House Hill, but Jackson checked the advance and routed the raw Union
troops.
y Convinced the Union that it would be a long and costly war.
y McClellan gained command .
y McDowell was booted.
y It was the first battle of the war.
y Gave the first hint as to the nature of the war.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 2/33
Gen. George McClellan
y Given command of the army (Union) by Lincoln
y He always wanted to gain more reinforcements
y Slow moving
y He was criticized for overcaution in the unsuccessful Peninsular Campaign and removed from command.
Called on again in 1862, he checked Lee in the Antietam Campaign, but he allowed the Confederates to
withdraw across the Potomac and was again removed. He would run for president in 1864.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 3/33
The Anaconda plan
y Naval strategy to blockade Southern Ports and eventually capture the Mississippi River.
y The Anaconda Plan was a Union strategy in the Civil War calling for the establishment of a naval blockade
around the Confederacy to prevent the importation of supplies from Europe. It was slowly implemented and only
partially successful, but the blockade did contribute to the Northern victory.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 4/33
The Union naval campaign
y The union had a more skilled Navy which gave them the upper hand in water combat.
y The Union captured Cape Hatteras, an island off of Port Royal, South Carolina, and it continued into
North Carolina.
y The Union presence made it easier for slaves to run away and join the Union forces. The stream of
runaways continued to grow.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 5/33
Ulysses Grant
y In 1862 he captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in Tennessee, barely escaped defeat at the
Battle of Shiloh and ended Confederate control of the Mississippi in Vicksburg. Commanding in
the West, he thoroughly defeated Bragg at Chattanooga. He directed the Union army in the
Wilderness Campaign and he received Lee¶s surrender.
y Never dressed very formally.
y Grant was an exceedingly skilled equestrian.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 6/33
Battles of Shiloh and Antietam
y Antietam: In September 1862, trying to invade Maryland and Pennsylvania, Lee sent Jackson to
capture Harpers Ferry, but Lee¶s own advance was halted by McClellan, who attacked him at
Antietam Creek, Maryland.On September 17, the so-called bloodiest day of the war. It was a
Union victory only in that Lee¶s advance was stopped.
y Shiloh: the massive amount of deaths in the two day span opened up many soldiers eyes.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 7/33
Generals: Robert Lee and TJ Jackson
y Robert E. Lee: Commanding the Army of N. Virginia, he took the offensive in the 7 Days Battle
and beat the Union army at the 2nd battle of Bull Run. Lee repulsed Union advances at the
battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville and Grant¶s assaults in the Wilderness Campaign.
Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.
y TJ Jackson: At the 1st battle of Bull Run Jackson earned his nick name when he and his brigade
stood "like a stone wall." Serving under Lee, Jackson flanked the Union army to set up the
Confederate victory at the second battle of Bull Run. At Chancellorsville Jackson again flanked
the Union army but was mortally wounded by his own troops.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 8/33
Advantages/disadvantages of the Union and
Southern Statesy South¶s advantages in the Civil War: The Confederate States of America had a strong advantage
in the fact that they were fighting a defensive war in familiar territory, but it also had advantages
buried deep within its much stronger military tradition. Southerners came from rural rather than
urban environments and therefore had more men experienced in the use of firearms and horses.
This allowed the Confederacy to produce a more able corps of officers, such as Robert E. Lee.y North¶s advantages in the Civil War: The Union clearly had more military potential with its
larger population of 22 million. In addition to that, the Union had more advantages in terms of
material goods such as money and credit, factories for manufacturing war goods, food
production, mineral resources, and an established railroad system to transport these material
resources. The North in comparison with the South in these areas makes the North seem more
advantageous.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 9/33
Jefferson Davis· southern offensive
y Jefferson Davis, Confederate President, believed that the only way to gain recognition by
European Nations was to turn the tide of the war.
y While the plan seemed good, it resulted in a failure and the bloodiest battle of the war, Antietam.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 10/33
Health and medicine in the war
y Even though medicine and healthcare was advancing, the lack of sterilization
y More women were taking nursing jobs
y The average age didn¶t increase much because there were so many deaths.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 11/33
Confiscation acts
y Radical Republicans demanded immediate emancipation. One of their first efforts to achieve it came
with laws allowing the confiscation of slaves as ³contraband.´
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 12/33
Conscription laws (North and South ) and results
y The Federal Militia Act of 1862 and the Confederate Conscription Act of 1862 allowed for
conscription, but contained many loopholes. Riots in 1863 by anti-conscription protesters and
impeded the process of drafting soldiers, but the establishment of a draft prompted volunteering.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 13/33
Confederate bureaucracy
y
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 14/33
The twenty-slave law
y In the Confederacy those who owned 20 or more slaves didn¶t have to enter the draft.
y This caused some civil unsettlement.
y Conflict between classes.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 15/33
The development of heavy industry in the
North y Iron and steel production skyrocketed.
y Railroad construction slowed, repairs kept the need for the manufacturing of rails to continue.
y The North developed standard width train tracks so they could be used for multiple trains.
y Mechanization of agriculture increased along with the industry of agriculture.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 16/33
The Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads
y Two government charted railroad corporations.
y For each mile laid the railroads received a loan of from$16,000 to $48,000 in government bonds
plus 20 square miles of land along a free 400-foot-wide right of way.
y The corporation gained approximately 20 million acres of land and nearly $60 million in loans.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 17/33
The Morrill Land Grant Act
y Promoted public education in agriculture, engineering, and military science, Congress
granted each state 30,000 acres of federal land for each of its congressional districts. The
states could sell the land as long as it was for the same purpose that Congress had
intended.
y The law resulted in 69 colleges and universities.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 18/33
Lincoln·s use of presidential power
y Lincoln believed that during the war it was important that he used active presidential leadership.
y He suspended the writ of Habeas Corpus.
y Arrested between fifteen and twenty thousand US citizens on suspicion of disloyal acts.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 19/33
Lincoln·s plan for gradual emancipation
y Lincoln wanted emancipation, though he felt that gradual emancipation was the best option.
y Lincoln¶s stance was that he only wanted what was best for the Union and if maintaining slavery
was necessary then he would support it.
y He was condemned by some as a miserable traitor
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 20/33
The Radicals (Republicans)
y Radical Republicans- The Radicals wanted to transform the South, and they were willing to
exclude it from the Union until they had achieved their goal. They wanted to democratize the
south, establish public education and guarantee the rights of former slaves. They opposed
Johnson's leniency to southern rebels. They were willing to exclude the south for long periods of
time until they achieved their goals.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 21/33
The Emancipation Proclamation
y In September 1862, Lincoln announced a plan to free slaves in the Confederate states. In his
proclamation of January 1, 1863, all areas in the Confederacy that were under Union control
were exempted, the border states included. This ambiguous proclamation provided Lincoln with
some political benefits, but by 1864 he recognized the need for a stronger stand on the slave
issue and gave his support to a constitutional ban.
y The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order ending slavery in the Confederacy. It
was issued by President Lincoln after the battle of Antietam. The Emancipation Proclamationonly freed slaves residing in the territories in rebellion against the government of the United
States. This proclamation had the dual purpose of injuring the Confederacy and preventing Great
Britain from entering the war in support of the Confederacy. It also pushed the border states
toward abolishing slavery.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 22/33
The Thirteenth Amendment
y The Thirteenth Amendment was added to the Constitution in 1865. It made slavery illegal in the
United States. Many states passed laws to protect the rights of Blacks, but white people against
racial equality, mostly from the South, fought against similar laws when Congress tried to pass
them. In addition to the equality issue, some states did not accept the Thirteenth Amendment
because they believed freeing the slaves would cause other problems.
y Slave owners were used to the slaves¶ cheap labor and paying others to do the same work would
cost more and lower how much money they made. Some slave owners wanted the government to pay for their freed slaves. Workers in the North wanted Blacks to stay in the South because they
were afraid Blacks would take their jobs for less pay and poorer working conditions. Many
slaves still could not obtain a good job because of discrimination and the lack of a good
education. Blacks still did not have the same Civil Rights as Whites.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 23/33
Davis· emancipation plan
y Jefferson Davis proposed emancipation of the slaves in exchange for military service against the
Union. Southern resistance to abolition proved powerful, however, and Davis could only make a
limited effort to free the slaves.
y Significance: Davis could make little effort to free the slaves.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 24/33
Battle of Chancellorsville
y On the battlefield, the southern army began the 1863 campaign with a victory at
Chancellorsville, Virginia. However, the Confederate army suffered the loss of Stonewall
Jackson.
y Significance: Confederates won but lost an important General.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 25/33
Battle of Vicksburg
y This Confederate defeat divided the southern states in two and gave control of the Mississippi to
the Union.
y Significance: Divided the south in two (Union gained Mississippi)
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 26/33
Battle of Gettysburg
In July 1863, the Union army scored a major victory at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, inflicting heavy losses on
Lee¶s army.
y Significance: Inflicted large losses on the Confederacy.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 27/33
Southern food riots
y Food riots occurred in several cities in 1863. Ordinary rural southerners
resisted by refusing to cooperate with conscription, tax collection, and
impressments of food. Meanwhile, Davis failed to communicate with the
masses.
y Significance: Issues within the Confederacy.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 28/33
Army desertions and motivations (Confederate)
y As conditions at home deteriorated, many southern soldiers reacted by deserting from the army.
y Significance: Many southern soldiers deserted the army.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 29/33
Copperheads
y Copperheads were Northerners who sympathized with the South during the Civil War. The term
Copperheads was also used to label all Democratic opponents of Lincoln. The group was led by
Clement L. Vallandigham and was especially strong in the states of Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio.
y Significance: It caused competition within the Democratic party towards Lincoln.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 30/33
New York City draft riot
y One sharp statement of northern anger over the war came in the New York City draft riots. In
theory aimed at conscription, these violent demonstrations revealed powerful underlying class
and racial tensions.
y Significance: revealed powerful underlying class and racial tensions.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 31/33
Election of 1864
y In 1864, a number of Republicans sought to prevent Lincoln¶s renomination. In order to balance
Abraham Lincoln¶s Union ticket with a Southern Democrat, the Republicans nominated Andrew
Jackson for vice president. Lincoln was able to overcome Democratic candidate George
McClellan and win a second term in office.
y Significance: Lincoln won again.
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 32/33
Sherman·s southern campaign
y Sherman marched up through Georgia burning the Confederates.
y He took freed slaves along with him and promised them a big sum of land and a mule.
y Significance: It brou
8/8/2019 Chapter 15 Cards
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-15-cards 33/33
Appomattox Courthouse
y Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union Gen. U.S. Grant at Appomattox
Courthouse on April 9, 1865. The surrender at Appomattox virtually ended the Civil War, but the
rest of the Confederate forces did not surrender until May 26 at Shreveport, Louisiana.