Chapter 14

The Age of Reform

1820-1860

Susan B. Anthony

Women’s rights leader who called for temperance and coeducation

When Susan and Anthony go to the same school its

COED

John James Audubon Naturalist who drew pictures of birds

Dorothea DixImproved conditions for the

elderly, mentally ill, and prisoners Said “Lets FIX what’s wrong with

the PRISONS”

Frederick DouglassMost widely known African American abolitionist

Everyone DUG FRED!

Thomas GallaudetDeveloped a method for teaching the deaf

“Quick! CALL THE

DEAF I can teach

them to hear!”

William Lloyd GarrisonFounded the abolitionist newspaper

The Liberator LLOYD the LIBERATOR

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

Asked to inherit slaved so that they could free them

They knew the GRIM

KEY to ending slavery

was FREEING

your slaves

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Wrote story poems like the Song of Hiawatha

He was a LONG

winded FELLOW

who wrote story

poems

Elijah LovejoyKilled for printing an abolitionist newspaper

Someone was overJOYED when he was

killed for printing an abolitionist newspaper

Horace MannLeader of educational reform

The MAN responsible for

you going to SCHOOL

Elizabeth Cady StantonOrganizer of the “Seneca Falls Convention”

and worked to get women the right to vote

Elizabeth Cady

STANTON took a STAND

for women’s

rights

Harriet Beecher StoweAuthor of Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Harriet STOWED away in UNCLE TOM’S CABIN

Henry David ThoreauTranscendentalist who went to jail for refusing

to pay a tax to support the Mexican War

Henry David THOREAU

got THROWED

in jail!

Sojourner TruthEscaped slave who changed her name from “Belle”

and worked for abolition and women’s rights

Was on a JOURNEY

for the TRUTH about

slavery

Harriet Tubman Most famous conductor of the

“Underground Railroad”

HARRIET Tubman had a very HAIRY job helping slaves escape on the Underground

Railroad

abolitionistsReformers who worked to end slavery

There could be

ABSOLUTELY

no SLAVERY

QuakersFaith of many of the leaders of the

antislavery movement

They

“QUAKED”

(shook) at

the thought

of SLAVERY

revivalA series of meetings conducted by a

preacher to arouse religious emotions

He was REVIVED when the

PREACHER threw water in his face.

Second Great Awakening

A wave of religious fervor in the early 1800s that led to the reform movements

People WOKE up and said “What can I do to make

sure I get into HEAVEN?”

Seneca Falls ConventionGathering of women’s rights reformers

The men FELL down when the WOMEN

demanded equal

RIGHTS!

suffrageThe right to vote

If you don’t VOTE you may SUFFER with someone

else’s choices

temperanceDrinking little or no alcohol

DRINKING

too much

may lead to

a bad

TEMPER

transcendentalistsStressed the relationship between humans and nature

TReehuggers (people who love

NATURE) of their day.

Underground Railroad

Network of escape Routes for slaves from the south to the north

UtopiaA community based on a vision

of a perfect society

YOU want to live in a perfect place?

WyomingFirst state to allow Women the right to vote

Before the Civil War, America became a vast laboratory of experimentation about how to attain a just society through individual

and social reform. Inspired by a religion that preached salvation through good works, Americans discovered all kinds of ways – from ecstatic

religious revivals to temperance reform – to give a larger moral purpose to their lives. Gradually, these reform movements coalesced over the

question of slavery. In the North, evolving conceptions about individual rights made increasing numbers reject the idea that democratic society

could permit slavery. Counterattacking, southern leaders argued that the federal government could not supersede the rights of individuals in

the separate states. Politically, the period was one of increasingly desperate compromise to avoid the threat that slavery posed to the

Union. By the mid-1850s, the situation was so inflamed that compromise was no longer possible, and the nation moved to a

showdown on the issue it had long avoided.

-- From the “Reformers” exhibit at the Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C.