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Chapter 14 “Industrialization” 1865-1901
Section 1 “The Rise of Industry”
Causes of Rapid IndustrializationCauses of Rapid Industrialization
1. Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s.
2. The Railroad fueled the growing US economy:
First big business in the US. A magnet for financial investment. The key to opening the West. Aided the development of other
industries.
1. Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s.
2. The Railroad fueled the growing US economy:
First big business in the US. A magnet for financial investment. The key to opening the West. Aided the development of other
industries.
Causes of Rapid IndustrializationCauses of Rapid Industrialization
3. Technological innovations. Bessemer and open hearth
process Refrigerated cars Edison
o “Wizard of Menlo Park”o light bulb, phonograph,
motion pictures.
3. Technological innovations. Bessemer and open hearth
process Refrigerated cars Edison
o “Wizard of Menlo Park”o light bulb, phonograph,
motion pictures.
4. Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance.
5. Abundant capital.6. New, talented group of businessmen
[entrepreneurs] and advisors.7. Market growing as US population increased.8. Government willing to help at all levels to
stimulate economic growth.9. Abundant natural resources.
4. Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance.
5. Abundant capital.6. New, talented group of businessmen
[entrepreneurs] and advisors.7. Market growing as US population increased.8. Government willing to help at all levels to
stimulate economic growth.9. Abundant natural resources.
Causes of Rapid IndustrializationCauses of Rapid Industrialization
New Business CultureNew Business Culture1. Laissez Faire the ideology of the
Industrial Age.1. Laissez Faire the ideology of the
Industrial Age.
Individual as a moral and economic ideal.
Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace.
The market was not man-made or invented.
No room for government in the market!
Individual as a moral and economic ideal.
Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace.
The market was not man-made or invented.
No room for government in the market!
Thomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva Edison
“Wizard of Menlo Park” “Wizard of Menlo Park”
The Light BulbThe Light Bulb
The Phonograph (1877)
The Phonograph (1877)
The Ediphone or Dictaphone
The Ediphone or Dictaphone
The Motion Picture Camera
The Motion Picture Camera
Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell
Telephone (1876)Telephone (1876)
Alternate CurrentAlternate Current
George WestinghouseGeorge Westinghouse
Alternate CurrentAlternate Current
Westinghouse Lamp ad
Westinghouse Lamp ad
The AirplaneThe Airplane
Wilbur Wright Orville Wright Wilbur Wright Orville Wright
Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903 Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903
Model T AutomobileModel T Automobile
Henry FordI want to pay my workers so that they
can afford my product!
Henry FordI want to pay my workers so that they
can afford my product!
U. S. Patents Granted
U. S. Patents Granted
1790s 276 patents issued. 1790s 276 patents issued.
1990s 1,119,220 patents issued. 1990s 1,119,220 patents issued.
Chapter 14 “Industrialization” 1865-1901
Section 2 “The Railroads”
•May 10, 1869 at Promontory, Utah •“The Wedding of the Rails”
•Central Pacific and Union Pacific
•May 10, 1869 at Promontory, Utah •“The Wedding of the Rails”
•Central Pacific and Union Pacific
Promontory, Utah
““The Big Four” Railroad The Big Four” Railroad MagnatesMagnates
““The Big Four” Railroad The Big Four” Railroad MagnatesMagnates
Charles Charles CrockerCrockerCharles Charles CrockerCrocker
Mark HopkinsMark HopkinsMark HopkinsMark Hopkins Leland Leland StanfordStanfordLeland Leland
StanfordStanford
Collis Collis HuntingtonHuntington
Collis Collis HuntingtonHuntington
•Financed the Central Pacific
•Hired Chinese men to do the
labor
•They had to cut through the
Sierra Nevada mountain range.
•Financed the Central Pacific
•Hired Chinese men to do the
labor
•They had to cut through the
Sierra Nevada mountain range.
Nationwide Rail Network
Effects
Development of time zones
Sped long-distance transportation
Longer and heavier trains used
Rate per mile declined
united America’s regions
Promoted a national market
Ways RailroadsWere Financed
Land grants Private investment
Gifts of public lands to R.R.Money generated fromrunning the railroads
Chapter 14 “Industrialization” 1865-1901
Section 3 “Big Business”
New Business Culture:“The American Dream?”
New Business Culture:“The American Dream?”
3. Protestant (Puritan) “Work Ethic” Horatio Alger [100+ novels]
3. Protestant (Puritan) “Work Ethic” Horatio Alger [100+ novels]
Is the idea of the “self-made man” a MYTH??Is the idea of the “self-made man” a MYTH??
New Type of Business Entities
New Type of Business Entities
1. Pool 1887 Interstate Commerce Act Interstate Commerce Commission created.
2. Trust John D. Rockefeller
1. Pool 1887 Interstate Commerce Act Interstate Commerce Commission created.
2. Trust John D. Rockefeller
Standard Oil Co. Standard Oil Co.
Standard Oil Co.Standard Oil Co.
New Type of Business Entities
New Type of Business Entities
2. Trust: Horizontal Integration John D.
Rockefeller
2. Trust: Horizontal Integration John D.
Rockefeller Vertical Integration:
o Gustavus Swift Meat-packingo Andrew Carnegie U. S. Steel
Vertical Integration:o Gustavus Swift Meat-packingo Andrew Carnegie U. S. Steel
Iron & Steel ProductionIron & Steel Production
New Type of Business Entities
New Type of Business Entities
U. S. Corporate Mergers
U. S. Corporate Mergers
New Financial BusinessmanNew Financial Businessman
The Broker: J. Pierpont Morgan
The Broker: J. Pierpont Morgan
Wall Street – 1867 & 1900
Wall Street – 1867 & 1900
The Reorganization of Work
The Reorganization of Work
Frederick W. TaylorThe Principles of Scientific Management (1911)
Frederick W. TaylorThe Principles of Scientific Management (1911)
The Reorganization of Work
The Reorganization of Work
The Assembly LineThe Assembly Line
% of Billionaires in 1900
% of Billionaires in 1900
% of Billionaires in 1918
% of Billionaires in 1918
The Protectors of Our Industries
The Protectors of Our Industries
The ‘Bosses’ of the Senate
The ‘Bosses’ of the Senate
The ‘Robber Barons’ of the Past
The ‘Robber Barons’ of the Past
Cornelius [“Commodore”]
Vanderbilt
Cornelius [“Commodore”]
Vanderbilt
Can’t I do what I want with my money?Can’t I do what I want with my money?
William VanderbiltWilliam Vanderbilt
$ The public be damned!
$ What do I care about the law? H’aint I got the power?
$ The public be damned!
$ What do I care about the law? H’aint I got the power?
Regulating the Trusts
Regulating the Trusts
1877 Munn. v. IL
1886 Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. IL
1890 Sherman Antitrust Act in “restraint of trade” “rule of reason” loophole
1895 US v. E. C. Knight Co.
1877 Munn. v. IL
1886 Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. IL
1890 Sherman Antitrust Act in “restraint of trade” “rule of reason” loophole
1895 US v. E. C. Knight Co.
Relative Share of World Manufacturing
Relative Share of World Manufacturing
Modern ‘Robber Barons’??
Modern ‘Robber Barons’??
Chapter 14 “Industrialization” 1865-1901
Section 4 “Unions”
Labor Unrest: 1870-1900
Labor Unrest: 1870-1900
The Molly Maguires(1875)
The Molly Maguires(1875)
JamesJamesMcParlandMcParland
The Corporate “Bully-Boys”:
PinkertonAgents
The Corporate “Bully-Boys”:
PinkertonAgents
Management vs. Labor
Management vs. Labor
““Tools” of Tools” of ManagementManagement
““Tools” of Tools” of LaborLabor
““scabs”scabs”
P. R. campaignP. R. campaign
PinkertonsPinkertons
lockoutlockout
blacklistingblacklisting
yellow-dog yellow-dog contractscontracts
court injunctionscourt injunctions
open shopopen shop
boycottsboycotts
sympathy sympathy demonstrationsdemonstrations
informational informational picketingpicketing
closed shopsclosed shops
organized organized strikesstrikes
““wildcat” strikeswildcat” strikes
A Striker Confronts a SCAB!
A Striker Confronts a SCAB!
Knights of LaborKnights of Labor
Terence V. PowderlyTerence V. Powderly
An injury to one is the concern of An injury to one is the concern of all!all!
Knights of LaborKnights of Labor
Knights of Labor trade cardKnights of Labor trade card
Goals of the Knights of Labor
Goals of the Knights of Laborù Eight-hour workday.Eight-hour workday.
ù Workers’ cooperatives.Workers’ cooperatives.
ù Worker-owned factories.Worker-owned factories.
ù Abolition of child and prison labor.Abolition of child and prison labor.
ù Increased circulation of greenbacks.Increased circulation of greenbacks.
ù Equal pay for men and women.Equal pay for men and women.
ù Safety codes in the workplace.Safety codes in the workplace.
ù Prohibition of contract foreign labor.Prohibition of contract foreign labor.
ù Abolition of the National Bank.Abolition of the National Bank.
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Tournament of Today:
A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly
The Tournament of Today:
A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly
Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in
1886
Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in
1886
Haymarket Riot (1886)
Haymarket Riot (1886)
McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.
Haymarket MartyrsHaymarket Martyrs
