Chapter 14Drugs

Lesson 3Narcotics, Stimulants,and Depressants

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narcoticsSpecific drugs that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain

Liquid from the poppy plant containing substances that numb the body

opium

A feeling of well-being or elation euphoria

Symptoms that occur after chronic use of a drug is reduced or stopped

withdrawalsymptoms

stimulantsDrugs that speed up activity in the human brain and spinal cord

A drug that stimulates the central nervous system amphetamine

When a drug is taken repeatedly and at increasingly high doses

binge

Substances that slow down normal brain function CNS

depressants

In this lesson, you will learn to

name the most commonly abused narcotics.

describe the effects that narcotics can have on a user’s health.

identify specific stimulants and CNS depressants.

name the health risks linked to stimulants and CNS depressant

abuse.

Identifying Cause-and-Effect

Make a two-column chart. In the first column, write the names of

drugs presented in this lesson. In the second, list the effects of

these drugs.

What Are Narcotics?

Historically, narcotics were made from opium.

narcotics Specific drugs that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain

opium A liquid from the poppy plant containing substances that numb the body

Narcotics and Addiction

Narcotics produce euphoria because they affect the areas of the brain that perceive pleasure.

euphoria A feeling of well-being or elation

Narcotics and Addiction

Withdrawal symptoms can be unbearable.

withdrawal symptoms Symptoms that occur after chronic use of a drug is reduced or stopped

Withdrawal Symptoms

Pain in musclesPain in muscles Pain in bonesPain in bones SleeplessnessSleeplessness

DiarrheaDiarrhea AgitationAgitation VomitingVomiting

Heroin

Characteristics of Heroin

Made of morphine, a narcotic

Most often inhaled or injected intravenously

Users develop a psychological and physical dependence

Tolerance leads to a need for ever-increasing doses

Quitting is very difficult

Quitting results in painful withdrawal symptoms

OxyContin

Characteristics of OxyContin

Available through a doctor’s prescription

Controls severe pain in patients with cancer, back pain, or arthritis

Abuse leads to tolerance, which leads to physical addiction

Withdrawal symptoms are similar to other narcotics

What Are Stimulants?

Stimulants cause the heart to beat faster and cause blood pressure and metabolism to rise.

stimulants Drugs that speed up activity in the human brain and spinal cord

Some stimulants are so mild that people may not realize they are ingesting a drug.

Amphetamines

Amphetamines are highly addictive.

amphetamine A drug that stimulates the central nervous system

Using large amounts of amphetamines can result in aggressive behavior, extreme weight loss, and loss of physical strength.

Cocaine

Characteristics of Cocaine

Illegal stimulant derived from the coca plant

Sold as a fine white powder

Often mixed with water and injected into the body intravenously

Can also be smoked or snorted up the nose

One of the most addictive drugs on the street today

Cocaine

During a cocaine binge, the possible consequences are very dangerous.

binge When a drug is taken repeatedly and at increasingly high doses

Crack

Crack is created when cocaine is heated and processed with baking soda and water.

Crack is extremely addictive and dangerous.

Methamphetamine

Characteristics of Methamphetamine

Highly addictive stimulant drug, affects the central nervous system

Becoming an epidemic in the United States

Produced in illegal laboratories

Effects are similar to cocaine

Also known as “meth”

Methamphetamine

Effects of Methamphetamine

Initial feelings of confidence and energy

Tendency on the part of users to binge

Users may go days without food or sleep

Users find it impossible to feel any pleasure without the drug

Unpredictable behavior

Effects of Stimulants

Substance Harmful Effects

AmphetamineUneven heartbeat, rise in blood pressure, physical collapse, stroke, heart attack, and death

MethamphetamineMemory loss, damage to heart and nervous system, seizures, and death

CocaineDamage to nose lining and liver; heart attack, seizures, stroke, and death

CrackDamage to lungs if smoked, seizures, heart attack, and death

What Are Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants?

CNS depressants are sometimes called sedatives or tranquilizers.

CNS depressants Substances that slow down normal brain function

Physicians can prescribe some CNS depressants for relief of sleeplessness, anxiety, or tension.

What Are Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants?

Two Commonly Prescribed CNS Depressants

Barbiturates

Benzodiazepines

Prescribed for the treatment of anxiety or tension, or for people with sleep disorders.

Prescribed for patients with more serious anxiety and panic attacks.

Effects of Depressants

Substance Harmful Effects

TranquilizerAnxiety; reduced coordination and attention span. Withdrawal can cause tremors and lead to coma or death.

BarbiturateCauses mood changes and excessive sleep. Can lead to coma.

HypnoticImpaired coordination and judgment. High doses may cause internal bleeding, coma, or death.

What I Learned

Vocabulary Define narcotics.

Lesson 3 Review

What I Learned

List Name two commonly abused narcotics.

Lesson 3 Review

What I Learned

Give Examples Give three examples of harmful effects that can result from abusing stimulants.

Lesson 3 Review

Thinking Critically

Evaluate Explain the physical and psychological effects that can cause a person to become addicted to heroin.

Lesson 3 Review

Thinking Critically

Analyze What are some of the high-risk behavior that could result from the abuse of narcotics?

Lesson 3 Review

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Chapter 14Drugs

Lesson 3Narcotics, Stimulants,and Depressants

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