Chapter 14April 1, 2008

Background Information

509 B.C. Romans overthrew Tarquin the Proud

Romans set up a republic, or a form of government in which the people choose their rulers

Romans were divided into two social classes: patricians (rich families) and plebeians (poor, usually farmers and artisans)

Patricians

10% of population Performed religious rituals Could hold public office

Plebeians

Citizens Paid taxes Served in army Could NOT marry patricians

or serve in the government Could be sold into slavery if

in debt

The Government

Consuls Heads of the Roman Republic Were chosen each year Administrators and military leaders

Power of veto Both had to agree before law was passed

Senate 300 men Chosen for life Handled daily

problems of the government

Advised the consuls Proposed laws Approved public

contracts for building roads and temples

Judges, Assemblies, and Tribunes Protected the rights of

plebeians All Roman citizens belonged to

Assemblies Could declare war Could agree to peace terms

The Twelve Tables

450 B.C. Laws were carved on 12 bronze tables

Foundation for all Roman Law Placed in the Forum Applied to patricians and plebeians Included wills, property rights,

marriage customs, punishment for crimes and court actions

Review Questions

What were some restrictions placed on the plebeians during the early years of the Roman Republic?

Who belonged to the Roman Assemblies?

Why do you think it was important for the Romans to have laws written down?