Chapter 13: The Rise of

Mass Democracy

1824-1840

The “Corrupt Bargain” of 1824 Who were the four candidates of the 1824 election and what

was their party affiliation? John C Calhoun was running for vice president under which two

candidates? Who won many of the popular votes but not the majority in the

electoral college? With the electoral college deadlock, who had to determine the

next president? Clay was the bottom candidate for president but what role did

he play in the decision making process? Describe Jackson and Clay’s relationship. Describe Jackson and Adam’s relationship. Who was elected president in 1825? Who received the position of secretary of state? Who considered this a “corrupt bargain”? Even if the bargain wasn’t corrupt, why was this significant?

A Yankee Misfit in the White House Describe John Quincy Adams. JQA was the first “minority president.” Why is this significant? Why did Adams supporters want him to strike a few more bargains? Adams was a confirmed nationalist, what did he call for in his annual

message? How did the public respond to his nationalist message? How did Adams deal with the Native Americans?

Going “Whole Hog” for Jackson in 1828 When did the presidential campaign for Jackson begin? Describe the two Republican parties. How was Jackson portrayed throughout his campaign and how

accurate was this portrayal? How did Adam’s backers respond to Jackson’s campaign? What rumors did Jackson spread about Adams? Who supported Jackson in 1828 and who supported Adams? Who won the election of 1828?

Old Hickory as President Describe Andrew Jackson. Describe Andrew Jackson’s upbringing. Why could Jackson be considered unique. Why did the masses come to Washington after Jackson was

elected? What happened at the white house after Jackson was elected? How did conservatives feel about Jackson and the masses in

Washington?

The Spoils System Define the spoils system. How did Jackson defend the spoils system? Washington did need new blood, but why was the spoils system

problematic? Describe the scandals involved with the spoils system. Even though the spoils system was corrupt, explain why it was

important.

The Tricky “Tariff of Abominations” Why were tariffs a “big headache” for presidents to deal with? Who supported the tariffs? Why did Jackson support a high tariff in 1828? How did the South respond to the tariff of 1828? What were the deeper issues around the southern outcry? What was happening to the institution of slavery? What was the South Carolina Exposition, who wrote it and why was it

significant?

“Nullies” in South Carolina What was the goal of the nullies? Describe the tariff of 1832 and how did the south feel about it? How did the election of 1832 in South Carolina affect the nullies? The convention called the tariff null and void within South Carolina, but what

else did the delegates threaten to do? How did Andrew Jackson respond to the nullies in South Carolina? What role did Henry Clay play in the nullification issue? What was the Force Bill and why was it significant? How did the Columbia Convention respond to the compromise and the Force

Bill?

The Trail of Tears In the 1790s, how did the US government respond to Native

Americans? What was The Society for Propagating the Gospel Among Indians? Why did congress appropriate 20k for Native education? How did The Cherokees of Georgia respond to assimilation? Who were the members of the “five civilized tribes”? How did the Georgia legislature respond to the Cherokee tribe in

1828? The Supreme Court sided with The Cherokees three times, but

how did Jackson respond? What was Jackson’s plan for the remaining Eastern tribes? Describe the Indian Removal Act. Describe the Bureau of Indian Affairs. How did the Fox and Sauk tribes respond to the Removal Act? How did the Seminole tribe respond to the Removal Act?

The Bank War Jackson didn’t like the Bank of the United States, why? What powers did the Bank of the United States hold? Why did many consider Biddle’s power unconstitutional? Why didn’t people of the West like the Bank of the US? Why did Clay try to push through a Bank recharter four years early? How did Jackson respond to Clay’s recharter and why is this

significant? How did Jackson’s decision amplify the power of the president?

“Old Hickory” Wallops Clay in 1832 Who were the candidates of the election of 1832? What were the Anti-Masonic party’s beliefs? How did the Anti-Masonic party come about? What were some other novel features of the election of 1832? What advantages did Henry Clay have over Jackson? Who won the election of 1832?

Burying Biddle’s Bank Why did Jackson want to bury the Bank of the US and how did he

go about this? How did Jackson’s advisors feel about his plan? How did Biddle respond to Jackson’s plan? How did the economy respond to the death of the Bank of the US? What were “pet banks” and “wild cat banks” What was the Specie Circular and how did it impact the economy?

The Birth of the Whigs Why did the new party decide to call themselves Whigs? What was the cement of the Whig party? Who were the prominent members of the Whigs? Who joined the Whig party? What did the Whig party support in relation to government

programs? How did the Whigs portray Jackson?

The Election of 1836 Who was Jackson’s choice for President. What was the Whig’s strategy during the election of

1836? Who was the Whig’s favorite son? Who won the election of 1836?

Big Woes for the “Little Magician” Describe Martin Van Buren. Why did Van Buren receive the resentment of many

Democrats? How did Van Buren respond to a rebellion in Canada in

1837? What other issues did Van Buren inherit from Jackson?

Depression Doldrums and the Independent Treasury What was the cause of the financial panic of 1837? Beyond speculation, what else caused the crash? How did global financial issues affect America? What were some of the effects of the crash? How did Whigs respond to the crash? How did Van Buren respond to the crash? Describe the “Divorce Bill”. How did the rest of America respond to the “Divorce Bill”? Describe the Independent Treasury Bill of 1840 and it’s significance.

Gone to Texas Why did the new regime in Mexico City grant Austin land in Texas? How did Texas settlers respond to Mexico City’s requests? Describe the settlers of Texas. Describe some of the prominent Texas settlers. Why was slavery an issue in Texas? What happened when Austin went to Mexico City?

The Long Star Rebellion When did Texans declare their independence and who was their leader? How did Mexico respond? Describe the Alamo and its significance. How did Houston defeat Santa Anna’s troops? What terms were “agreed” upon by Santa Anna? Jackson recognized the Lone Star Republic but didn’t accept them into

the Union. Why?

Log Cabins and Hard Cider of 1840 Who was the Democratic candidate and who was the Whig candidate of

the election of 1840? Describe William Henry Harrison and why did he make a good candidate? Describe the Whigs campaign. Why were the log cabin and hard cider symbols significant? Harrison was not raised in a log cabin, describe his upbringing. Who won the election of 1840? What was the real issue of the election of 1840 and how did each party

plan on responding?

Politics for the People Why was “democracy” a major change since the Era of

Good Feelings? How did candidates have to portray themselves to gain the

popular vote? How did the upper class feel about this change and did this

lead to any changes?

The Two-Party System How was a durable two-party system a dramatic change? How does Jeffersonian Republicanism relate to both the

Democrats and the Whigs? In what did the Jacksonian Democrats believe? In what did the Whigs believe? What did the two parties have in common? How did social and geographic diversity affect both parties?