Chapter 13 Pps

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Social Psychology

Chapter 13


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Chapter 13 Learning Objective Menu LO 13.1 Conformity

LO 13. !roupthin" LO 13.3 #our $ays to gain compliance LO 13.% Obe&ience LO 13.' (nfluence of presence of others on tas" performance LO 13.) Components an& formation of an attitu&e LO 13.* +o$ attitu&es can be change& LO 13., -hen attitu&es &o not match actions

LO 13. Social categori/ation an& implicit personality theories LO 13.10 +o$ people eplain others2 actions LO 13.11 Preju&ice an& &iscrimination LO 13.1 -hy people are preju&ice& an& ho$ to stop it LO 13.13 #actors that cause attraction LO 13.1% Love an& the &ifferent forms of love LO 13.1' iology an& learning influences on aggression LO 13.1) 4ltruism LO 13.1* ystan&er effect LO 13.1, Latan5an&6arley2s&iscovery on helping behavior LO 13.1 6ecisions before helping occurs LO 13.0 -hy people join cults


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Menu

LO 13.1 Conformity


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!roupthin" an& Compliance !roupthin" 9 "in& of thin"ing that occurs $hen

people place more importance on maintaininggroup cohesiveness than on assessing thefacts of the problem $ith $hich the group is

concerne&. Consumer psychology 7 branch of

psychology that stu&ies the habits ofconsumers in the mar"etplace8 inclu&ing

compliance. Compliance 9 changing one2s behavior as a

result of other people &irecting or as"ing forthe change.

LO 13. !roupthin"

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Menu

LO 13. !roupthin"


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#our -ays to !ain Compliance #oot9in9the9&oor techni:ue 7 as"ing for a

small commitment an&8 after gaining

compliance8 as"ing for a bigger commitment.

6oor9in9the9face techni:ue 7 as"ing for alarge commitment an& being refuse&8 an&

then as"ing for a smaller commitment.

;orm of reciprocity 9 assumption that if someone

&oes something for a person8 that person shoul&

&o something for the other in return.

LO 13.3 #our $ays to gain compliance

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#our -ays to !ain Compliance Lo$ball techni:ue 7 getting a

commitment from a personan& then raising the cost of

that commitment.


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Obe&ience Obe&ience 9 changing one2s behavior at

the comman& of an authority figure.

Milgram stu&y 7 =teacher> a&ministere&

$hat they thought $ere real shoc"s to a

=learner.>

LO 13.% Obe&ience

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Menu

LO 13.% Obe&ience


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Social Loafing an& Social #acilitation

Social facilitation 9 the ten&ency for the

presence of other people to have a positive

impact on the performance of an easy tas".

Social loafing 9 the ten&ency for people to putless effort into a simple tas" $hen $or"ing

$ith others on that tas".

LO 13.' (nfluence of presence of others on tas" performance

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4ttitu&es 4ttitu&e 9 a ten&ency to respon& positively or

negatively to$ar& a certain person8 object8i&ea8 or situation.


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Persuasion Persuasion 9 the process by

$hich one person tries to

change the belief8 opinion8

position8 or course of actionof another person through

argument8 plea&ing8 or

eplanation.

Aey elements in persuasion arethe source of the message8 the

message itself8 an& the target

au&ience.

LO 13.* +o$ attitu&es can be change&

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Cognitive 6issonance Cognitive &issonance 9 sense of

&iscomfort or &istress that occurs$hen a person2s behavior &oesnot correspon& to that person2simpression formation the formingof the first "no$le&ge that aperson has concerning anotherperson. Lessene& by changing the conflicting

behavior8 changing the conflictingattitu&e8 or forming a ne$ attitu&e to

justify the behavior.

LO 13., -hen attitu&es &o not match actions

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Social Cognition an& (mpressions Social cognition 9 the mental

processes that people use to

ma"e sense of the social $orl&

aroun& them. (mpression formation 9 forming

of the first "no$le&ge a person

has about another person.

Primacy effect 9 the very first

impression one has about a person

ten&s to persist even in the face of

evi&ence to the contrary.

LO 13., -hen attitu&es &o not match actions

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4ttributions 4ttribution 9 the process of

eplaining one2s o$n behavior an&the behavior of others.

4ttribution theory 9 the theory ofho$ people ma"e attributions. Situational cause9 cause of behavior

attribute& to eternal factors8 such as&elays8 the action of others8 or some

other aspect of the situation. 6ispositional cause 9 cause of

behavior attribute& to internal factorssuch as personality or character.

LO 13.10 +o$ people eplain others2 actions

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Preju&ice an& 6iscrimination Preju&ice 9 negative attitu&e hel& by

a person about the members of a

particular social group.

6iscrimination 9 treating people&ifferently because of preju&ice

to$ar& the social group to $hich they

belong.

#orms of preju&ice inclu&e ageism8

seism8 racism8 an& preju&ice to$ar&

those $ho are too fat or too thin.

LO 13.11 Preju&ice an& &iscrimination

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Stopping Preju&ice Stereotype vulnerability 9 the effect that

people2s a$areness of the stereotypes

associate& $ith their social group has

on their behavior.

Self9fulfilling prophecy 9 the ten&ency of

one2s epectations to affect one2s

behavior in such a $ay as to ma"e theepectation more li"ely to occur.

LO 13.1 -hy people are preju&ice& an& ho$ to stop it

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Stopping Preju&ice B:ual status contact 9 contact

bet$een groups in $hich thegroups have e:ual status8 $ithneither group having po$er

over the other. =Eigsa$ classroom> 9

e&ucational techni:ue in $hicheach in&ivi&ual is given onlypart of the information nee&e&

to solve a problem8 causing theseparate in&ivi&uals to beforce& to $or" together to fin&the solution.

LO 13.1 -hy people are preju&ice& an& ho$ to stop it

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Love Love 9 a strong affection for another person

&ue to "inship8 personal ties8 seual

attraction8 a&miration8 or common interests.

Sternberg states that the three componentsof love are intimacy8 passion8 an&

commitment.

Domantic love 9 type of love consisting of

intimacy an& passion.

Companionate love 9 type of love consisting

of intimacy an& commitment.

LO 13.1% Love an& the &ifferent forms of love

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4ggression 4ggression 9 behavior inten&e& to hurt or &estroy

another person.

iological influences on aggression may inclu&egenetics8 the amyg&ala an& limbic system8 an&

testosterone an& serotonin levels. Social role 9 the pattern of behavior that is epecte&

of a person $ho is in a particular social position. Fiolent


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LO 13.1' iology an& learning influences on aggression


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ystan&er Bffect ystan&er effect 9 referring to the effect

that the presence of other people hason the &ecision to help or not help8 $ithhelp becoming less li"ely as the numberof bystan&ers increases.

6iffusion of responsibility 9 occurring$hen a person fails to ta"eresponsibility for actions or for inactionbecause of the presence of otherpeople $ho are seen to share theresponsibility.

LO 13.1* ystan&er effect

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LO 13.1* ystan&er effect


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LO 13.1 6ecisions before helping occurs.


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Cults People $ho join cults ten& to be un&er

stress8 unhappy8 unassertive8 gullible8&epen&ent8 $ant to belong8 an&

i&ealistic. Goung people are li"elier to join cults

than are ol&er people.

Cults use love9bombing8 isolation8rituals8 an& activities to "eep the ne$recruits from :uestions an& criticalthin"ing.

LO 13.0 -hy people join cults

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