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Chapter 13Chapter 13Getting Started in the Getting Started in the
KitchenKitchen
Part 2Part 2
The Management of FoodThe Management of Food
ObjectiveObjective
• Identify abbreviations and define cooking terms used in recipes.
AbbreviationsAbbreviations
These abbreviations are often used in recipes to indicate the amounts of ingredients required.
What abbreviations might appear in recipes to indicate cooking times and temperatures?
Abbreviation Meaning
tsp. or t. teaspoon
Tbsp. or T. tablespoon
c. or C. cup
pt. pint
qt. quart
oz. ounce
lb. or # pound
Cooking TermsCooking Terms
combine peel
sectionroll
ObjectiveObjective
• Measure liquid and dry ingredients and fats for use in recipes.
Measuring Dry IngredientsMeasuring Dry Ingredients
1. Spoon ingredient into measuring cup until it is overfilled. (When measuring brown sugar, pack it into the measuring cup with the back of the spoon.)
2. Use a straight-edged spatula to level off any excess.
How would you measure less than 1/4 cup of a dry ingredient?
Measuring Liquid IngredientsMeasuring Liquid Ingredients
1. Set a liquid measuring cup on a flat surface.
2. Bend down so the desired measurement marking is at eye level.
3. Slowly pour the ingredient into the measuring cup until it reaches the mark for the desired amount.
Measuring FatsMeasuring Fats
1. Use a rubber spatula to press fats into a dry measuring cup, making sure to eliminate any air pockets.
2. Overfill the measuring cup.
3. Level it with a straight-edged spatula.
ObjectiveObjective
• Change the yield of a recipe.
Changing YieldChanging Yield
When changing the yield of a recipe, use these measuring equivalents to figure the adjusted amounts of each ingredient before you begin cooking. Write the adjusted amounts on your recipe so you will remember them as you work.
Measure Equivalent
3 teaspoons 1 tablespoon
2 tablespoons 1/8 cup
4 tablespoons 1/4 cup
5 1/3 tablespoons 1/3 cup
8 tablespoons 1/2 cup
10 2/3 tablespoons 2/3 cup
12 tablespoons 3/4 cup
16 tablespoons 1 cup
2 cups 1 pint
4 cups 1 quart
Apply It!Apply It!
A salsa recipe calls for 3 cups chopped tomatoes, 1 1/2 cups chopped green pepper, 2/3 cup chopped onion, 1 1/2 teaspoons salt, 1/2 teaspoon minced garlic, 1/3 cup vinegar, and 1 teaspoon hot sauce. How much of each ingredient would you need if you
were doubling this recipe for a party?
ObjectiveObjective
• Plan time-work schedules.
Preliminary PlanningPreliminary Planning
1. Set up a food preparation time chart and list menu items in the first column.
2. List estimates for the time required to prepare, cook, and serve each food.
3. Calculate and list total time required for each item.
4. Rank menu items in order of the total time required to prepare them.
Menu Item
Prep. Time
Cooking Time
Serving Time
Total Time
Rank
Chicken casserole
20 min. 45 min. 1 min. 66 min. 1
Green beans
10 min. 10 min. 2 min. 22 min. 2
Making a ScheduleMaking a Schedule
1. Set up a chart and write the time you plan to begin eating at the bottom of the time column.
2. Work backward from your eating time to determine when you need to begin serving.
3. Identify the time at which you need to begin cooking each item.
4. Group preparation tasks in 5- to 10-minute blocks.
Time Tasks4:15 Start boiling water. Cut up chicken and broccoli.
4:25 Start cooking pasta. Mix ingredients for sauce.
4:35 Assemble casserole and put it in the oven.
ObjectiveObjective
• Follow a recipe to prepare a sandwich, snack, or beverage.
Preparing SandwichesPreparing Sandwiches• Use a variety of breads
and fillings.• Use butter, margarine, or
mayonnaise to keep filling from soaking into bread.
• Garnish sandwiches attractively.
• Keep sandwiches refrigerated until serving time.
• Serve hot sandwiches hot.photo courtesy of Fleischmann’s Yeast
Snack IdeasSnack Ideas
Healthful snack foods to keep on hand include
• yogurt• whole grain crackers• cheese slices• cut up fresh
vegetables• ready-to-eat cereal
How can you use each of these foods to prepare a simple snack recipe?
Wheat Foods Council
Beverage TipsBeverage Tips
• Use fruit juices to make ice cubes and rings to keep cold drinks cold.
• When brewing coffee, start with fresh, cold water and a clean pot.
• Remove tea leaves before serving tea to keep it from becoming bitter.
• When making hot cocoa, combine cocoa with sugar to prevent lumping when the hot water is added.
photo courtesy of Fleischmann’s Yeast
Key QuestionKey Question
How can recipe information and basic cooking and planning techniques help you
prepare foods for your family?
Other Questions to ConsiderOther Questions to Consider
• Are there any tips for using microwave recipes?• How do recipes need to be adjusted when
cooking at high altitudes?• How can I make a substitution if I do not have a
needed ingredient?