Chapter 12/13

Temporal Bone

Paranasal Sinuses

Petrous Pyramids

• Dense portion on temporal bone

• Houses – ______________– ______________

The Ear

• 3 Portions

– __________

– __________

– __________

External Ear

• ____________

• Tragus

• EAM

Middle Ear

• 3 parts– ______________(ear drum)

– Tympanic cavity

– Auditory ____________

Tympanic Cavity

• Contains Auditory Ossicles• ___________________(Attic)

– Superior aspect

• ________________proper– Larger– Inferior aspect– ________________

• Passage from middle ear to nasopharynx• Equalizes pressure

Ossicle Articulations

• ________________– Attached to tympanic membrane– Receives vibrations and relates to

• _______________– Transmits vibrations from Malleus and passes

on to

• _______________– Smallest– Transmits vibrations to oval window

Internal Ear

• Area of hearing and equilibrium

• Contains 2 parts– ______________Labyrinth– ______________ Labyrinth

• Area within the osseous labyrinth

Osseous Labyrinth

• 3 parts– ______________

• For hearing• Round window

– ____________• Oval window

– _____________• For equilibrium

Internal Acoustic Meatus

• Area of ______________-nerves

• ____________best to visualize

Mastoids

• Inferior portion of Temporal bone

• _____________– Connects to middle ear from ________ by

way of the __________

• Due to this direct connection _______ can reach mastoid air cells.

Sinuses

• Air filled _____________– Lined with mucus membranes

• Surrounding the ______________

• All communicate with each other by way of nasal cavity

Osteomeatal Complex

• Area where ___________ is collected

• Made of – _________- Nasal Conchae (Turbinates)– _________ – Spaces between conchae

• From the ____________complex to the nasal cavities

Sinuses Con’t

• Maxillary (2)

• Frontal (usually 2)

• Ethmoid (Many)

• Sphenoid (1 or 2)

Maxillary Sinus“Antrum of Highmore”

• ____________

• Located in the body of ____________– Lateral to Nasal cavity

• Communicates to osteomeatal complex by way of ______________ into middle nasal meatus (Separated by ____________of ethmoid)

Frontal Sinus

• Located between inner and outer table of skull in frontal bone– Posterior to ___________

• Can have 2 (most common) or 1 large sinus– Irregular shaped

• Communicate to osteomeatal complex by Ethmoid sinus through _______________

Ethmoid Sinus

• Located within the ethmoid bone lateral masses

• Many ________________– Anterior, middle, posterior collections

• Communicates with the osteomeatal complex directly by way of anterior collections and drains into ____________

Sphenoid Sinus

• Located in the body of the sphenoid bone– ______________

• Can have 2 or 1 sinus

• Communicates to the osteomeatal complex by way of the _______________

Imaging the sinuses

Routine________________________

• Waters (Parietoacanthial)• PA Caldwell• Right or Left Lateral• SMV• 40” SID• 70-80 kVp

Waters

• Tip of chin on IR Nose _____________• MML Line perpendicular

– OML forms 37°• Mid sagittal line perpendicular • CR to exit ________________

• Open mouth can show– _____________

PA Caldwell

• PA Projection, Upright

• OML ________________– ___________and OML Perpendicular

• Mid sagittal plane perpendicular

• CR to ________________

Lateral

• Right or left site dependant of area of interest or department protocol. Upright

• Place pt into anterior oblique• Interpupillary line perpendicular to IR• ___________to front of cassette• CR to enter between __________________

SMV

• Upright

• Tilt head back so _____________to IR

• Mid sagittal perpendicular

• CR to enter between _________________

CT Invasion

• Thin _______________

• Better visualization of _________complex