STATISTICS

CHAPTER 12: HEALTH CARE STATISTICSKYNA B. DAVIDHEALTH CARE STATISTICS This special topic provides health science students, especially those in the nursing program, with the basic information on the essential health care statistics, the uses of statistical formulas, and the interpretation of statistical calculations in analyzing the patients health conditions.HEALTH STATISTICS DATAHealth statistics data are collected from patients of a hospital and are recorded by the health care industry personnel.HEALTH STATISTICS DATAMORBIDITY AND MORTALITYMorbidity pertains to cases of a disease and is obtained to supply data on the occurrence of the disease while mortality refers to cases of death and therefore, provides data on the occurrence of ones death.HEALTH STATISTICS DATADEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLESWhile health care is concerned mainly with human health conditions, characteristics of the human health conditions, characteristics of the human population must also be studied. Data which describe the human population such as age, gender, income, and health status need to be considered in the health care analysis. These data are referred to as demographic variables. The size of the human population and how it changes over time is also considered as a demographic variableHEALTH STATISTICS DATAVITAL STATISTICSData that show significant records of events and dates in human life refer to vital statistics. Some vital statistics that need to be recorded are birth, death, marriage, mortality, and morbidity.HEALTH STATISTICS DATATYPES OF HEALTH STATISTICS DATADates, test results, diagnoses, treatment procedures and outcomes, and assessments are a few of the types of health statistics data. These data, which can be found in the patients medical records, admission and discharge reports, transfer, and census, are very useful to physicians in giving correct diagnosis and precise treatment to the patient.HEALTH STATISTICS DATADATA REQUESTORSHealth statistics data are also important to the hospital administration in a assessing the quality of service rendered by its staff to the patients. The following are the common requestors of health statistics data:Administration and governing boardMedical staffOutside agenciesOther organizationsRATESHealth care personnel devise and use rates to determine the percentage of an event. The formulas in the following section are based on the rate formula, , where n is the number of times something happens and N is the number of times it could have happened.RATESDEATH OR MORTALITY RATEDeath or mortality rate may be classified as gross or net death rate. Gross death rate represents the death rate for all deaths, while the net death rate represents the death rate, excluding deaths under 48 hours after admission. The following formulas are used:RATESDEATH OR MORTALITY RATE

Where GDR = gross death rate NDR = net death rate

RATESDEATH OR MORTALITY RATEExample 1:The following data were obtained from MCU-FDTMF. Calculate the GDR and NDR.

RATESDEATH OR MORTALITY RATESolution:

Thus, the GDR is 5.94% and the NDR is 5.05% for every population of 100.

RATESDEATH OR MORTALITY RATEThe formula below is applied when calculating for the newborn death rate.

RATESDEATH OR MORTALITY RATEExample 2:Compute for NBDR of the data in example 1.Solution:

Hence, 17.39% is the rate of infant mortality.

RATESMORBIDITY RATEAs mentioned in the previous section, morbidity pertains to cases of a disease. Morbidity rate may be calculated in four ways according to its prevalence, incidence, complications, and fatality.RATESMORBIDITY RATEa. PREVALENCE RATEPrevalence rate is the ratio between the number of cases of a known disease and the entire population.

RATESMORBIDITY RATEa. PREVALENCE RATEExample 3:Suppose a total of 42,325 tuberculosis cases are known in the country. Compute for the prevalence of the disease if the current Philippine population is 87 million.RATESMORBIDITY RATEa. PREVALENCE RATE Solution:

Therefore, the prevalence of tuberculosis in the country is 0.0486% per 100 population or 4.86& per 10,000 population

RATESMORBIDITY RATEb. INCIDENCE RATEIncidence rate refers to the rate of newly reported cases of a disease.

RATESMORBIDITY RATEb. INCIDENCE RATEExample 4:Of the countrys 87 million population, 150,000 newly reported cases of diabetes mellitus were reported to the health department. Determine the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus.RATESMORBIDITY RATEb. INCIDENCE RATE Solution:

Thus, the incidence of diabetes mellitus is 17.24% per 10,000 population.

RATESMORBIDITY RATEc. COMPLICATION RATEComplications refer to disorders that arise after a patient is admitted to a hospital and which modify his/her condition. Medical malpractice may result to a complication or even death for a patient.

RATESMORBIDITY RATEc. COMPLICATION RATEExample 5:Calculate the complication rate if 3 of the 62 cancer patients in a hospital had undergone a surgical procedure due to complications.

RATESMORBIDITY RATEc. COMPLICATION RATE Solution:

Therefore, the complication rate is 48.4% for every 1,000 population.

RATESMORBIDITY RATEd. FATALITY RATEFatality rate is the rate of occurrence of death cases due to particular disease

RATESMORBIDITY RATEd. FATALITY RATEExample 6:If there were 75,895 hypertension cases reported in the year 2,000 and 3,612 of which resulted to death, what is the fatality of hypertension that year?RATESMORBIDITY RATEd. FATALITY RATE Solution:

The data revealed that the fatality rate of hypertension is 4.76% per 100 population.

THANK YOU