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7/30/2019 Chapter 12 ECOLOGY Hour1 Edited
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Powerpoint@lecture Slides Are Prepared By Biology Lecturer, KMPk
mailto:point@lecturemailto:point@lecture7/30/2019 Chapter 12 ECOLOGY Hour1 Edited
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12.1 : Introduction to ecology
12.2 : Ecosystem concept
12.3 : Energy Flow through ecosystem
12.4 : Biogeochemical cycles
12.5 : Biodiversity:
Conservation & management
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At the end of this topic, students should be
able to;
Define basic terminologies:
niche, habitat, organism, population, community,
ecosystem, biome, biosphere.
Explain ecosystem concept
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12.1 INTRODUCTION TO
ECOLOGY
Ecology is the study of the
interactions among organisms andbetween organisms and their physical
environment.
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~ niche
~ habitat
~ organism
~ population
~ community
~ ecosystem
~ biome~ biosphere
BASIC TERMS IN ECOLOGY
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Niche is the status or roleof an organism in itshabitat /environment.
Eg : Feeding behaviours
aphid and caterpillar lives
in same plant, but they
have different habit ofeating, aphid suck the
plant saps and caterpillar
eats the leaf.
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Habitat is the place in which anorganism lives
characterized by its physical (abiotic) orbiotic factors that influences the life of
the organism.
Examples : streams, ponds, rivers andlakes.
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The systems working together with
complexity make up the complex living
organism.
ORGANISM
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POPULATION
Group of individuals of the same species livingtogether in particular geographic area.
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All the different species that
live in a place are called a
community
(A forest community, for
example contains trees,
deer, woodpeckers & fungi).
COMMUNITY
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A community and
the physical
environment in
which it lives is
called anecological system
or ecosystem.
ECOSYSTEM
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Major terrestrial ecosystems, called biomes
Climate controlled group of plants & animals in the
wide area
BIOME
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BIOME
Examples of biome include
desert, tropical rain forests
and tundra.
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All of the communities of living things on earth
are organized into the biosphere.
BIOSPHERE
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The atmosphere isthe gaseous envelopesurrounding Earth
The hydrosphereis Earths
supply of water (liquid and
frozen, fresh and salty)
The lithosphere is thesoil and rock of the
Earths crust.
BIOSPHERE
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12.2 ECOSYSTEM CONCEPT
Definition according to Odum (1969)
Basic functional unit of nature including
both organisms and their non-livingenvironment.
Each interacting with other andinfluencing each others
Both necessary for maintenance and
development of the system.
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Life hierarchical order
Each living system has several levels of organization and we canalso organize organisms on the ecological level
Biosphere
Biome ecology
Ecosystem study
Community Population
Organism biodiversity
Organ
Tissue
Cell biological cell
Protoplasm/organelle
Gene genetic
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ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTComponent of ecosystem