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Chapter 11: Society, Culture, and Reform (1820-1860)
Second Great Awakening
Revivals in New York: Charles G. Finney Baptists and Methodists: Peter Cartwright Millennialism: William Miller Mormons: 1) Joseph Smith
2) Brigham Young (New Zion)
Caused division between newer sections and older Protestant churches
Culture
Transcendentalists mystical and intuitive way of thinking. Means of discovering one’s inner self and looking for the essence of God in nature.
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
“The American Scholar” 1837 address at Harvard.
Break away from British control.
Self-reliance, independent thinking.
Spiritual matters over material matters.
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
2 year experiment alone in woods, find truth of life and universe.
Walden (1854) pioneer ecologist and conservationist.
“On Civil Disobedience” advocate of nonviolent protest.
Brook Farm
Communal Experiments
New Harmony Oneida Community
Arts & Literature
Hudson River School
Painters
George Caleb Bingham: common people doing ordinary things.
William S. Mount: rural compositions Thomas Cole & Frederick Church: beauty of
American landscape
Literature
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper
- Leatherstocking Tales
Temperance
Public Asylums; mental hospitals, schools for the deaf and blind, and prisons
Dorothea Dix
Thomas Gallaudet (school for the deaf)
Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe (school for blind)
Public Education
Horace Mann William Holmes McGuffey
Changing Families
Cult of Domesticity
Women’s Rights Movement
Sarah & Angelina Grimke Lucretia Mott
Seneca Falls Convention 1848
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony
Antislavery Movement
American Colonization Society 1817
William Lloyd Garrison
The Liberator
Frederick Douglass
The North Star