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Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes. CHAPTER. 11. 1500. 500. HOME. Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact, 500 – 1500. Time Line. Byzantine culture spreads to Russia. 850s. 1240. Kiev destroyed by Mongols. Justinian becomes ruler of Byzantine Empire. 527. 1054. 1480. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes
527
850s
1054
1240
11CHAPTER
Time Line
500 1500
HOME
1480
Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact, 500–1500
Justinian becomes ruler of Byzantine Empire.
Byzantine culture spreads to Russia.
Christianity splits into Roman Catholic and Orthodox branches.
Kiev destroyed by Mongols.
Ivan III ends Mongol control of Russia.
I. A New Rome in a New Setting
A. Constantine planned
Constantinople as the new capitol of the
New Empire
The Fall of Constantinople, 1453
B. The west began to decline while the east
began to prosper
C. Justinian : A New Line of Caesars
1. Both empires divided in 395
2. 527 Justinian takes over
3. In 533 Justinian sends out his best
general Belisarius to reconquer the Roman
Empire
a. Able to control from Spain, across North Africa to the
Eastern Empire
D. The Absolute Power of the Emperors
1. Ruled with absolute power
2. Ruled over the State and Church
3. Appointed and dismissed bishops at
will
4. Emperors were under constant threat
of assassination
a. Of 88, 29 died violently, while 13
abdicated the throne (Left)
II. Building the New Rome
A. The people of the Byzantine Empire
thought of themselves as part of the Roman
tradition
Byzantine Empire
B. Began to drop Latin and spoke
Greek
C. Between 528 and 533 Justinian created
his Code of Laws
1. The Code contained nearly
5,000 Roman Laws
2. The Digest summarized Rome’s greatest law thinkers
3. The Institutes told law students how to
use the laws
4. The Novellae were new laws added after
534
D. Creating the Imperial Capital
1. Justinian had an ambitious public
building program
2. Constantinople had a 14 mile wall around
it
Constantinople Wall
3. Church building was a passion for him
a. Hagia Sophia ( Holy Wisdom)
E. Constantinople’s Hectic Pace
1. Main street was called the Mese
a. Merchants lined the street
b. Became an International city
2. Hippodrome citizens could enjoy free entertainment
a. Greek for Horse and racecourse
b. Held 60,000
3. Nika Rebellion Blues and Greens
a. Belisarius kills 30,000
b. Theodora , Justinians wife urged
him to stand
Theodora
III. Byzantium Preserves Learning
Byzantium
A. Families valued education
1. Sent children to monastic or public
schools
2. Subjects included;
a. Greek
b. Latin
c. Philosophy
d. Rhetoric
e. Classical text
IV. The Empire Confronts its Enemies
A. By 565 there were street riots, religious
quarrels, palace intrigues, andthreats from foreigners
B. The Mysterious Plague of Justinian
1. Disease that resembled the bubonic
plague
2. By 542 10,000 people a day were
dying
3. The plague broke out every 8 to 12
years until it died out in 700
C. Attacks from East and West
1. Germanic tribes attacked from the
west
a. Avars, Slavs, Bulgars
2. The Sassanid Persians attacked
from the East with help of the Muslims
a. Unsuccessful battles against
Constantinople
1. 626, 674, 717, 860, 1043
b. In 1204 western Crusaders conquer Constantinople in
1204eventually causing the Empire to fall to the Muslims or Ottoman
Turks in 1453
V. The Church Divides
A. Two early church fathers
1. Saint Basil 357 wrote rules for monks
in the east
St. Basil
2. Saint John Chrysostom became the first Patriarch
B. The west bans the use of icons
1. Iconoclasts destroyed icons in the
church
2. In 843 an empress by the name of
Theodora restored the icons to eastern
churches
C. One Western Pope ordered the
excommunication of a Byzantine Emperor
D. In 1054 the Great Schism when the
Pope and Patriarch excommunicate each
other
E. Byzantine Missionaries Convert
the Slavs
1. Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril
converted the slavs
Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril
2. In the 9th century the Cyrillic alphabet was introduced and became the alphabet
of the Russian
Russian/Cyrillic Alphabet